Critics have also argued that, as the Austrian business cycle theory points to the actions of fractional-reserve banks and central banks to explain the business cycles, it fails to explain the severity of business cycles before the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913.

Critics of the government say that the $ 500 million credit from Russia should have gone to develop industry, instead of going to the construction sector.

Critics of this type of argument have tended to point out that this is just a standard criticism of representative democracy — a democratically elected government will not always act in the direction of greatest current public support — and that, therefore, there is no inconsistency in the leaders ' positions given that these countries are parliamentary democracies.

Critics of corporate-led globalization have expressed concern about the methodology used in arriving at the World Bank's statistics and argue that more detailed variables measuring poverty should be studied.

Critics have asserted that people from poor countries ( the Third World ) have been relatively accepting and supportive of globalization while the strongest opposition to globalization has come from wealthy " First World " activists, unions and NGOs.

Critics have questioned whether not one, but perhaps two ghosts appear in this scene: Banquo and Duncan.

Critics argue that there are some phenomena which are better captured by symbolic models, and that connectionist models are often so complex as to have little explanatory power.

Critics of scholars who discuss cultural imperialism have a number of critiques.

Critics, then and since, have questioned the accuracy of the data so garnered.

Critics of Boswell have pointed out that many earlier doctrinal sources condemn homosexuality in ethical terms without prescribing a punishment, and that Boswell's citations reflected a general trend towards harsher penalties from the 12th century onwards.

Critics have explored the connection between the creation of Thomas ' mythological pasts into his works such as " The Orchards ", which Ann Elizabeth Mayer believes reflects the Welsh myths of the Mabinogion.

Critics have also stated that Misskelley's " confessions " were in many respects inconsistent with themselves and the particulars of the crime scene and murder victims, including ( for example ) an " admission " that Misskelley " watched Damien rape one of the boys.

Critics of Derrida have countless times quoted it as a slogan to characterize and stigmatize deconstruction.

Critics claim the vocabulary and style of the Pauline letters could not have been written by Paul according to available biographical information and reflect the views of the emerging Church rather than the apostle's.

Critics have referred to Enter the Dragon as " a low-rent James Bond thriller ", a " remake of Doctor No " with elements of Fu Manchu.

Critics have claimed that the Nazis ' claim of scientific reasons behind their promotion of racism and hostility to homosexuals is pseudoscience.

Critics have charged Bopp with neglecting the study of the native Sanskrit grammars, but in those early days of Sanskrit studies the great libraries of Europe did not hold the requisite materials ; if they had, those materials would have demanded his full attention for years, while such grammars as those of Charles Wilkins and Henry Thomas Colebrooke, from which Bopp derived his grammatical knowledge, had all used native grammars as a basis.

Critics have objected to GMOs on several grounds, including tampering with nature, ecological concerns, economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are often subject to intellectual property law, whether food produced from GMOs should be banned or labelled, whether such food is safe, and whether GM crops are useful to address the world's food needs.

Critics have objected to GM crops per se on several grounds, including ecological concerns, and economic concerns raised by the fact these organisms are subject to intellectual property law.

Critics of the East German state have claimed that the state's commitment to communism was a hollow and cynical tool Machiavellian in nature, but this assertion has been challenged by studies that have found that the East German leadership was genuinely committed to the advance of scientific knowledge, economic development, and social progress.

Critics of the East German state have claimed that the state's commitment to communism was a hollow and cynical tool of a ruling elite.

Critics have long taken as self-referential a passage in the Odyssey describing a blind bard, Demodocus, in the court of the Phaeacian king, who recounts stories of Troy to the shipwrecked Odysseus.

Critics have called the film a " sad song about a free spirit who tried to fly a little too close to the flame ", describing Brandon — heroic and fatally flawed — as this spirit who was murdered when angry townspeople discovered who he really was.

Critics would dispute the legitimacy of the title win after it was discovered in 2011 that the referee Lu Jun was bribed 350, 000 Yuan by the head of the CFA referee arrangements Zhang Jianqiang to be biased towards Shenhua in a vital match against Shanghai International in a game that Shenhua won 4 – 1.

" Critics therefore argue that, by legislating on issues that could be solved with texts other than laws, the French legislature lowers the values of the law in general.

Critics of Lamsa assert that he, like many native speakers Aramaic, extend the semantic areas of words beyond the evidence of existent texts.

Critics observed that Mackenzie's operatic and choral music was generally ill-served by his librettists: " Much of his best work ... is neglected, partly because unlike his contemporaries, Parry and Stanford, Mackenzie went for the texts of his larger vocal works to such librettists as Joseph Bennett and Hueffer, instead of to the vital things of English poetry and literature.

Critics of the bill claimed that it would prohibit reciting various scripture condemning homosexuality, while supporters pointed out that the bill added an explicit defence against any charge of incitement of hatred for opinions expressed in good faith based on religious texts.

Critics charge that they focus on teaching isolated skills, rather than fostering an enjoyment and appreciation of reading for its own sake, and that more time is spent on the supplemental worksheets than on actually reading authentic texts.

) Critics examining the texts fail to find their vocabulary and literary style similar to Paul's unquestionably authentic letters, fail to fit the life situation of Paul in the epistles into Paul's reconstructed biography, and identify principles of the emerged Christian church rather than those of the apostolic generation.

Critics of academic elitism argue that highly-educated people tend to form an isolated social group whose views tend to be overrepresented amongst journalists, professors, and other members of the intelligentsia who often draw their salary and funding from taxpayers.

Critics of capitalism including socialists and other anti-capitalists often assert that crony capitalism is the inevitable result of any capitalist system.

Critics of Dianetics are skeptical of this study, both because of the bias of the source and because the researchers appear to ascribe all physical benefits to Dianetics without considering possible outside factors ; in other words, the report lacks any scientific controls.

Critics of these and other controversial diagnoses often cite the DSM's previous inclusion of homosexuality, and the APA's eventual decision to remove it, as a precedent for current disputes.

Critics of foundationalism often argue that for a belief to be justified it must be supported by other beliefs ; in Donald Davidson's phrase, " only a belief can be a reason for another belief ".

Critics of laissez-faire since Adam Smith variously see the unregulated market as an impractical ideal or as a rhetorical device that puts the concepts of freedom and anti-protectionism at the service of vested wealthy interests, allowing them to attack labor laws and other protections of the working classes.

Critics of the 1960s focused on the reputation of the poem and how it compared to Coleridge's other poems.

Critics have doubted that any of the annotations in the Bible can be reliably attributed to de Vere and not the book's other owners prior to its acquisition by the Folger Shakespeare Library in 1925, as well as challenging the strictness of Stritmatter's standards for a Biblical allusion in Shakespeare's works and arguing that there is no statistical significance to the overlap.

Critics of this view argue that Oxford nor any other writer is not here identified as a concealed writer, but as the first in a list of known modern writers whose works have already been " made public ", " of which number is first " Oxford, adding to the publicly acknowledged literary tradition dating back to Geoffrey Chaucer.

Critics have coined the term The Psi Assumption to describe " the assumption that any significant departure from the laws of chance in a test of psychic ability is evidence that something anomalous or paranormal has occurred ... other words assuming what they should be proving.

Critics have argued that if the test subjects are unable to count for some other reason ( perhaps because they are nomadic hunter / gatherers with nothing to count and hence no need to practise doing so ) then one should not expect their language to have words for such numbers.

Critics of the latter idea point out that the half-life of Pu-240 is 6, 560 years and Pu-239 is 24, 110 years, and thus the relative enrichment of one isotope to the other with time occurs with a half-life of 9, 000 years ( that is, it takes 9000 years for the fraction of Pu-240 in a sample of mixed plutonium isotopes, to spontaneously decrease by half — a typical enrichment needed to turn reactor-grade into weapons-grade Pu ).

The Chicago Film Critics Association and the Broadcast Film Critics Association named the film the best of 1999, but although the New York Film Critics Circle, the National Society of Film Critics and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association recognized American Beauty, they gave their top awards to other films.

Critics of Procopius ( whose work reveals a man seriously disillusioned with his rulers ) have dismissed his work as a severely biased source, being vitriolic and pornographic, but without other sources, critics have been unable to discredit some of the assertions in the publication.

Critics argue that the selection of any antithesis, other than the logical negation of the thesis, is subjective.

Critics of the effort claim that it creates hardship primarily for the coca growers, many of whom are poor and have no viable alternative way to make a living, causes environmental problems, that it is not effective in reducing the supply of cocaine, in part because cultivation can move to other areas, and that any social harm created by drug abuse is only made worse by the war on drugs.

Critics point out that this could have a chilling effect on political free speech, the ability of journalists to use anonymous sources, whistle blowing, political blogging and other areas where the public needs protection from retaliation through anonymity.

Critics cited poor graphics compared to other 3D action adventures of the time and Tim Schafer's lack of involvement in the project as possible reasons for its cancellation.

Critics charged that Banks used the dramatic events of 9 / 11, and other features of the early 21st century, more as wallpaper than in any meaningful or resonant way.

Critics complained that other machines could be bought for half the cost, and when IBM released the PC / AT in 1984 there was a machine that now competed with it technically.

Critics, such as Drug Free America Foundation and other members of network International Task Force on Strategic Drug Policy, state that a risk posed by harm reduction is by creating the perception that certain behaviours can be partaken of safely, such as illicit drug use, that it may lead to an increase in that behaviour by people who would otherwise be deterred.