Critics also question how any two given properties are determined to be properties of the same object if there is no substance in which they both inhere.

Critics of heroin maintenance programmes object to the high costs of providing heroin to users.

Critics of AC can object that Chalmers begs the question in assuming that all mental properties are sufficiently captured by abstract causal organization.

Indicative of the reader-response school of theory, Terence Hawkes writes that the fundamental close reading technique is based on the assumption that “ the subject and the object of study — the reader and the text — are stable and independent forms, rather than products of the unconscious process of signification ," an assumption which he identifies as the " ideology of liberal humanism ,” which is attributed to the New Critics who are “ accused of attempting to disguise the interests at work in their critical processes .” For Hawkes, ideally, a critic ought to be considered to “ the finished work by his reading of it, and to remain simply an inert consumer of a ‘ ready-made ’ product .”

Critics point to a lack of features, common in most other programming languages, such as, until version 2009, native recursion and, until version 8. 20, native object oriented features.

Critics of the theory include Noam Chomsky, who terms it the ' non-existence ' hypothesis — a denial of the very existence of language as an object of study for natural science.

Critics of the deflationary approach object that qualia are a case where a single reality cannot have multiple appearances.

Critics of this argument object it is an uninformative and unhelpful tautology.

Critics of Marxian value theory object that labor is not the only source of value-added goods.

Critics object however that without the supply of means of production, labour also can produce nothing.

Critics object to the use of gold cyanidation in the mine at Lake Cowal and other gold mines, and point to the release of approximately seven tons of mercury during 2004 – 2005 at the Super Pit gold mine ( a 50 / 50 joint venture with Newmont Mining Corporation ) near the city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Western Australia.

Critics of these efforts object to the potential circularity of the logical basis, since Kloekhorst and Kortlandt are both members of the Leiden School of Indo-European Linguistics, and often write mutually supportive works.

Critics point out, that, among other problems common to censorship systems, it could easily later be re-purposed, perhaps quietly or too quickly to stop, for whatever desired object, that may have nothing whatsoever to do with the reasons backers claimed to have built / to be building it for.

Critics object to the real or perceived cruelty involved in some forms of wildlife management.

Critics claimed the popular media were wrong to report monarch butterflies were threatened because this experiment did not duplicate natural conditions under which monarch caterpillars may come in contact with corn pollen.

Critics of Dianetics are skeptical of this study, both because of the bias of the source and because the researchers appear to ascribe all physical benefits to Dianetics without considering possible outside factors ; in other words, the report lacks any scientific controls.

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.

Critics argue that the Mondragon Corporation is not truly distributist because it denies both the importance of the family ownership of the means of production, and localism.

* " Professor Behe admitted in " Reply to My Critics " that there was a defect in his view of irreducible complexity because, while it purports to be a challenge to natural selection, it does not actually address " the task facing natural selection.

Critics sometimes oppose OBE because of the burden it imposes on instructors and educational institutions more broadly, a burden that they regard as unjustified by any evidence showing that OBE actually improves learning outcomes.

Critics argue that it is false either because it is an over-simplified interpretation of behaviour or that there exists empirical evidence of altruistic behaviour.

Critics from the neoclassical school of economics criticise state-ownership and centralisation of capital on the grounds that there is a lack of incentive in state institutions to act on information as efficiently as capitalist firms do because they lack hard budget constraints, resulting in reduced overall economic welfare for society.

Critics have argued that if the test subjects are unable to count for some other reason ( perhaps because they are nomadic hunter / gatherers with nothing to count and hence no need to practise doing so ) then one should not expect their language to have words for such numbers.

Critics praised Curry's performance as Dr. Frank-N-Furter, Roger Ebert called him " the best thing in the movie, maybe because he seems to be having the most fun.

Critics argued that Stein was killed because she was Jewish by birth, rather than for her later Christian faith, and that, in the words of Daniel Polish, it seemed to " carry the tacit message encouraging conversionary activities " because " official discussion of the beatification seemed to make a point of conjoining Stein's Catholic faith with her death with ' fellow Jews ' in Auschwitz ".

Critics propose that moral relativism fails because it rejects basic premises of discussions on morality, or because it cannot arbitrate disagreement.

Critics of the effort claim that it creates hardship primarily for the coca growers, many of whom are poor and have no viable alternative way to make a living, causes environmental problems, that it is not effective in reducing the supply of cocaine, in part because cultivation can move to other areas, and that any social harm created by drug abuse is only made worse by the war on drugs.

Critics have claimed the RAI report to be a fraud because of the inclusion of testimony from Richard Brenneke, who claimed to be a former CIA agent and made several declarations concerning the October surprise conspiracy.

Critics of greater privatization state that healthcare should be kept public, ( public in funding only, as most services are provided by the private sector including doctors who in most cases are private corporations ) in part because it separates Canadians from Americans by mandating equality and fairness in health care.

Critics would argue that her influence on art was too restrictive, because she replaced nearly all earlier works of art with revolutionary Maoist works.

Critics claim that because some scientists ( and biological research companies ) wanted glory and fame ( and lucrative patent rights ), research progress was delayed and more people needlessly died.

Critics then determined that the ideas mainly stemmed from Watson ’ s beliefs because Rosalie later entitled a self-penned article I am a Mother of Behaviorist Sons.

Critics of enveloping outer garments list two main factors that go into these health risks: first, such garments are physically limiting because of their weight and because they limit a wearer's field of vision.

Critics were positive about Garner and Jack Kelly's chemistry, but Garner quit the series in the third season because of a dispute with Warner Brothers.

Critics assert that the empirical evidence does not support the views of the anti-globalization movement.

Critics also argue that the empirical evidence shows that " predatory pricing " does not work in practice and is better defeated by a truly free market than by anti-trust laws ( see Criticism of the theory of predatory pricing ).

Critics of this approach, like philosopher Ken Wilber and religious scholar Huston Smith, see the more materialistic formulations of the approach as examples of reductionism and scientism that are only looking at the empirical aspects of the phenomena, and not including the possible validity of spiritual experience with all of its subjectivity.

Critics have also labeled Porter's conclusions as lacking in empirical support and as justified with selective case studies.

Critics have argued the theory is flawed as it does not apply as universally as Walker suggested, does not accurately or completely describe all abusive relationships, and may favor ideological presumptions over empirical data.

Critics have been pointing out that there is no empirical data comparing IFS to other proven methods, and that there have been no follow-up studies to investigate the long-term success rate of IFS.

Critics of this theory regard it as simplistic, arguing that ( unlike New Zealand and America ) there is little direct evidence of hunting, and that the dates on which the theory rests are too uncertain to be relied on.

Critics have coined the term The Psi Assumption to describe " the assumption that any significant departure from the laws of chance in a test of psychic ability is evidence that something anomalous or paranormal has occurred ... other words assuming what they should be proving.

Critics of cognitive linguistics have argued that most of the evidence from the cognitive view comes from the research in pragmatics and semantics on research into metaphor and preposition choice.

Critics, however, interpreted the sentence as stating that the case did not set precedent in any way and could not be used to justify any future court decision, and some suggested that this was evidence the majority realized its holding was untenable.

Critics claim that the effectiveness of the New Urbanist solution of mixed income developments lacks statistical evidence.

Critics of CBR argue that it is an approach that accepts anecdotal evidence as its main operating principle.

Critics maintain that while it marks a great leap forward so far as the evidence from DNA-DNA hybridisation goes, it pays insufficient attention to other forms of evidence, both molecular and on a larger scale.

Critics of GM foods contend that there is evidence that the cultivation of genetically modified plants may lead to environmental changes.

Critics of the First Vision cite the multiple versions of the First Vision as evidence that it may have been fabricated by Smith.

Critics also cited as evidence the approval that had been given to the film by the government of the People's Republic of China.

Critics also pointed out the council itself would not be allowed to take any action against the parties as evidence the court action demonstrated a misuse of funds.

Critics claim that this is one evidence of Kaneko's malicious intent, as that " 47 " was advising users not to share copyrighted material on beta 8. 1 because it was not anonymous and infringing users could be traced.

Critics claim that the drop in use following the 2009 toll increase is evidence that the test has not been met.

Critics say that the lolicon genre contributes to actual sexual abuse of children, while others say that there is no evidence for this claim.

Historian Michael Marquardt argues that the evidence suggests the organization occurred in Manchester, and that the confusion was likely due to the effect of memory tending to conflate memories of several meetings in Manchester and Fayette years earlier Critics suggest that the location of the organization was intentionally changed in 1834 around the same time the church's name was changed to the " Church of the Latter Day Saints ", in order to make it seem like the new church organization was different from the " Church of Christ ", as a tactic to frustrate the church's creditors and avoid payment of debts.

Critics of bite mark comparison cite the case of Ray Krone, an Arizona man convicted of murder on bite mark evidence left on a woman's breast.

Critics argue that such works are motivated by racist presumptions unsupported by available evidence.

Critics of the law maintained that there was no evidence of a problem with child abuse by school employees, and the fingerprinting represented a violation of constitutional guarantees ( a claim which was not backed up by Supreme Court rulings on the issue ).

Critics would argue this inconsistency is evidence against Walton's story.

Critics of the multiverse-related explanations argue that there is no evidence that other universes exist.