Cromwell, having started the war against Spain without Dutch help, during his rule avoided a new conflict with the Republic, even though the Dutch in the same period defeated his Portuguese and Swedish allies.

I saw him myself and it was done after consultation with Cromwell.

After affirming that he had no intention of taking up arms Fox was able to speak with Cromwell for most of the morning about the Friends and advised him to listen to God's voice and obey it so that, as Fox left, Cromwell " with tears in his eyes said, ' Come again to my house ; for if thou and I were but an hour of a day together, we should be nearer one to the other '; adding that he wished no more ill than he did to his own soul.

Fox petitioned Cromwell over the course of 1656, asking him to alleviate the persecution of Quakers.

Cromwell was given the title Lord Protector in 1653, making him ' king in all but name ' to his critics.

After he died in 1658, his son Richard Cromwell succeeded him in the office but he was forced to abdicate within a year.

Cromwell " well knew that while the Long Parliament, that noble company, who had fought the great battle of liberty from the beginning, remained in session, and such men as Vane were enabled to mingle in its deliberations, it would be utterly useless for him to think of executing his purposes ( to set up a Protectorate or Dictatorship ).

Word was carried to Cromwell, that the House were on the point of putting the final motion ; and Colonel Ingoldby hastened to Whitehall to tell him, that, if he intended to do anything decisive, he had no time to lose.

At length Vane rose to remonstrate, and call him to his senses ; but Cromwell, instead of listening to him, drowned his voice, repeating with great vehemence, and as though with the desperate excitement of the moment, " Sir Harry Vane!

Cromwell fell from favour and was arrested for treason in June 1540 ; one of the unlikely charges against him was that he had plotted to marry Mary himself.

There is extant a very pious Latin letter written by him to a fellow-martyr, and another to Cromwell, begging for some slight mitigation of his " close prison "; " license to go to church and say Mass here within the Tower and for to lie in some house upon the Green ".

Henry chose to blame Cromwell for the failed marriage, and ordered him beheaded on 28 July 1540.

* September 12 – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him.

The King confirmed his support of Cromwell by electing him to the Order of the Garter on 5 August 1537, but Cromwell was nonetheless forced to accept the existence of an executive body dominated by his conservative opponents.

Cromwell thought the victory was the greatest of all the favours, or mercies, given to him by God.

Sir Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538 ; he had been corresponding with Reginald, and the investigation of Henry Courtenay, Marquess of Exeter ( Henry VIII's first cousin and the Countess ' second cousin ) had turned up his name ; he had appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated.

Thomas Cromwell encourages him in an alliance with Protestant Germany, so he considers one of the Duke of Cleves ' sisters, Anne or Amelia.

Cavendish is portrayed as a devoted servant who genuinely admires Wolsey ; in the novel, Cromwell describes him as " a sensitive sort of man.

He became friends with Oliver Cromwell, who was second in command, supporting him in his disputes with Manchester.

The government at once arrested him, and lodged him in Newgate, whence he continued to importune Cromwell for his protection, and to promise to live quietly if he might stay in England.

When Cromwell was convinced that Lilburne really intended to live peaceably, he released him on parole from prison, and seems to have continued till his death the pension of 40s.

Following the Commission's dissolution, Oliver Cromwell made him a Justice of the Common Pleas.

* 1455: Baron Cromwell, called out of abeyance after 35 years ; again in 1923 after 426 years.

As the Speaker was about to rise to put the question, Cromwell whispered to Harrison, " Now is the time ; I must do it.

As they advance, Cromwell exclaimed, looking over the House, " You are no Parliament ; I say you are no Parliament ; begone, and give place to honester men.

Orlando Bridgman, who upon his submission to Cromwell had been permitted to practice the law in a private manner, and under that colour had served both as spy and agent for his master, was entrusted with the principal management of this tragic scene ; and in his charge to the Grand Jury, had the assurance to tell them ' That no authority, no single person, or community of men ; not the people collectively or representatively, had any coercive power over the King of England.

The republican theory also suggests that the Long Parliament would have been successful in these necessary reforms except through the forceful intervention of Oliver Cromwell ( and others ) in removing the loyalists party, the unlawful execution of King Charles II, later dissolving the Rump Parliament ; and finally the forceful dissolution of the reconvened Rump Parliament by Monck when less than a fourth of the required members were present.

Oliver Cromwell and the Rule of the Puritans online edition ISBN 1-4021-4474-1 ; classic older biography

Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII ; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I ; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne.

The forty-one members of the Council were elected by the Commons ; the body was headed by Oliver Cromwell, the de facto military dictator of the nation.

* Edward Sexby ( 1616 – 1658 ); English Puritan, soldier and Leveller ; he turned against Cromwell and plotted his assassination

* Anderson, Angela ; Cromwell and the Levellers interviewed as part of the preparation for Cromwell: New Model Englishman by Channel 4

Thomas Cromwell stepped in again, claiming that Anne had taken lovers during her marriage to Henry, and she was tried for high treason, witchcraft and incest ; these charges were most likely fabricated, but she was found guilty, and executed in 1536.

Edward's half-brother, the Earl of Kent, married Mortimer's cousin, Margaret Wake ; other nobles, such as John de Cromwell and the Earl of Richmond, also chose to remain with Mortimer.

Cromwell tortures a servant in her household into confessing to adultery with the Queen ; he then arrests four other courtiers who are also accused of being Anne's lovers.

Oliver Cromwell, who became the leader of England after the abolition of the monarchy in 1649, refused to adopt universal suffrage ; individuals were required to own property ( real or personal ) worth at least £ 200 in order to vote.

In 1526, Wolsey appointed Cromwell a member of his council ; by 1529, Cromwell was one of Wolsey's most senior and trusted advisers.

Lilburne, John Wildman and Richard Baxter later thought that Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton had applied the term to Lilburne's group during the Putney Debates of late 1647.

The original run starred Paul Scofield as Thomas More, as well as Keith Baxter as Henry VIII, George Rose as the Common Man, Leo McKern as the Common Man in the West End production and Thomas Cromwell in the Broadway show ( a role originated in London by Andrew Keir and later taken over by Thomas Gomez ), and Albert Dekker as the Duke of Norfolk.

This contact with Cromwell occurred when Baxter was summoned to London to assist in settling " the fundamentals of religion ".

Cromwell had a long previous association with Star Trek, having played characters in The Next Generation episodes " The Hunted " and " Birthright ", as well as a role in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Theatres reopened after having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver Cromwell, and bawdy " Restoration comedy " became a recognisable genre.

Under the Commonwealth, having submitted to the parliamentary visitors, he retained his university appointments, and was appointed by Oliver Cromwell to a special commission of oyer and terminer ( consisting of three judges, three civilians, and three laymen, for the trial of Don Pantaleone Sa, the brother of the Portuguese ambassador, for murder committed in a brawl ).

On 30 April the States-General ignored this and asked for negotiations to begin in a neutral country ; on 23 May Cromwell, having dissolved the pro-war Rump Parliament, responded that he would receive Dutch envoys in London ; on 5 June the States-General decided to send them.

Theatres reopened after having been closed during the protectorship of Oliver Cromwell, Puritanism lost its momentum, and the bawdy " Restoration comedy " became a recognisable genre.

The Governor of the Castle, Colonel Walter Dundas, surrendered to Cromwell despite having enough supplies to hold out, allegedly because he wished to change sides.

One month later the town of Cromwell was torched, with every brothel, bar, flop house and pool hall having been burned to the ground allegedly by friends of Tilghman.

In 1650, Oliver Cromwell sacked the castle to find the Crown Jewels following an eight month siege ( having previously destroyed the English Crown Jewels ).

At the outbreak of the Civil War, having succeeded his father in the earldom in November 1642, Manchester commanded a regiment in the army of Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, and in August 1643 he was appointed Major-General of the parliamentary forces in the eastern counties ( the Eastern Association ), with Cromwell as his second in command.

These accounts attest that Wittmann's withdrawal brought him face to face with Dyas's Cromwell, which, having been bypassed, had been following the Tiger seeking a shot at its thinner rear armour.

In 1653, after learning that Parliament was attempting to stay in session despite an agreement to dissolve, and having failed to come up with a working constitution, Cromwell ’ s patience ran out.

He told Sir Henry Vane he was a Jugler ; Henry Martin and Sir Peter Wentworth, that they were Whoremasters ; Thomas Chaloner, he was a Drunkard ; and Allen the Goldsmith that he cheated the Publick: Then he bid one of his Soldiers take away that Fool's Bauble the mace and Thomas Harrison pulled the Speaker of the Chair ; and in short Cromwell having turned them all out of the House, lock'd up the Doors and returned to Whitehall.

In the rapidly shifting climate of opinion of the time, Prynne, having been at the forefront of radical opposition, soon found himself a conservative figure, defending Presbyterianism against the Independents favoured by Oliver Cromwell and the army.

There is no record of the couple having a child, and Jane makes no mention of a child for whom she is responsible when she wrote a begging letter to Cromwell following George's death.

The school was first opened on 25 March 1656, during the politically unstable and volatile period of the English Interregnum, therefore, having received permission from Oliver Cromwell to found the school, William Adams sought to further ensure the school's continued existence by appointing the Master and Wardens of the Haberdashers ' Company as Governors in perpetuity.

This was despite having previously been a strong ally of Cromwell.

With the exception of The Coronation Chair, and several other minor items, Cromwell had the principal symbols of the king's power within the Crown Jewels disassembled and sold, having the metal melted down and made into coins.

According to his Memoirs he believed that Cromwell " had not appeared that he ever approved on any persons farther than he might make them subservient to his own ambitious designs ; ... and that the generality of the people that had engaged with us having acted upon no higher principles than those of civil liberty, and that they might be governed by their own consent, it could not be just to treat them in another manner upon any pretenses whatsoever.

Just prior to the invasion of Ireland by Cromwell, the friars had returned for an 11-year period, before being shut down again and the friars having to go underground to avoid persecution.

Three years later, in 1650, Cromwell marched on Fethard on his way to take Kilkenny, and in a letter to the Speaker of the House of Commons in London he described the village " as having a very good wall with round and square bulwarks, after the old manner of fortification ".

The same day a sharp but indecisive fight took place on the lower slopes of Arthur's Seat, after which Cromwell, having felt the strength of Leslie's line, drew back to Musselburgh.

" In the north of England Harrison complained to Cromwell of the " badness " of his men, and the lord general sympathized, having " had much such stuff " sent him to make good the losses in trained men.

The Abbey withstood one final assault — some of its walls still show the marks of cannon-fire after having been bombarded by Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War.