* 1656-In a letter to Councillor General Montagu ( afterwards Earl of Sandwich ), General-at-sea and one of the Protector's personal friends, Cromwell mentioned the necessity of securing a permanent base at the entry of the Mediterranean, preferably Gibraltar ( the first suggestion for the occupation of Gibraltar as a naval base had been made at an English Council of War held at sea on 20 October 1625 ).

While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which More continued to refuse.

Cromwell had made enemies for aiding Wolsey to suppress the monasteries, but was determined not to fall with his master, as he told George Cavendish, then a Gentleman Usher and later Wolsey's biographer:

Edward Halle, a contemporary chronicler, records that Cromwell made a speech on the scaffold, professing to die, " in the traditional faith " and then " so paciently suffered the stroke of the axe, by a ragged Boocherly miser whiche very ungoodly perfourmed the Office ".

When after the death of Frederick Henry his son stadtholder William II of Orange tried to fulfill the monarchical aspirations his late father had always fostered by establishing a military dictatorship, the States of Holland made overtures to Cromwell, seeking his support against William, suggesting vaguely the province of Holland might join the Commonwealth.

As a result Cromwell, more than a little annoyed, made a proposal of 27 articles, two of which were utterly unacceptable to the Dutch: that all Royalists had to be expelled and that Denmark, the ally of the Republic, should be abandoned in its war against Sweden.

On his part Cromwell had quietly made his preparations.

Following the Commission's dissolution, Oliver Cromwell made him a Justice of the Common Pleas.

They called their army the New Model Army and they made its commander Oliver Cromwell, who was also a member of Parliament.

But a month or so later Cromwell was made earl of Essex, Gardiner's friend, Bishop Sampson, was sent to the Tower, and Barnes reverted to Lutheranism.

It was a reaction to the failure of an English diplomatic mission to The Hague seeking a joining of the Commonwealth by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, after the States of Holland had made some cautious overtures to Cromwell to counter the monarchal aspirations of stadtholder William II of Orange.

When the nunnery was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1539, the manor was given to Thomas, Lord Cromwell a few days before he was made Earl of Essex.

He was made deputy-governor of the Isle of Ely by Cromwell and served under Manchester in the Yorkshire campaign and at the second Battle of Newbury, afterwards supporting Cromwell in his accusations of incompetency against the general.

The next day, on the suggestion of Cromwell, he was made commissary-general and appointed to the command of the left wing, Cromwell himself commanding the right.

In March 1651, Cromwell, as Chancellor of Oxford University, gave him the deanery of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, and made him Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University in September 1652 ; in both offices he succeeded the Presbyterian, Edward Reynolds.

Wittmann, meanwhile, had accounted for another Cromwell, and as he made his way onto Villers-Bocage's main street destroyed two artillery Observation Post ( OP ) tanks — a Cromwell and a Sherman — belonging to 5RHA.

Rous and around 40 members walked out and went to Cromwell at Whitehall, presenting a document signed by nearly 80 members that declared: " Upon a Motion this day made in the House, that the sitting of this Parliament any longer as now constituted, will not be for the good of the Commonwealth ".

His last expeditions were made into the west for the relief of Taunton, and in these he had Cromwell as his lieutenant-general.

On 26 November 1534, George wrote to Cromwell expressing fury that Cromwell had undermined one of his orders made as Lord Warden.

He was stiff to all republican principles, and such an enemy to every thing that looked like monarchy, that he set himself in a high opposition against Cromwell when he was made protector.

This led to a declaration by Oliver Cromwell himself being published in Kilkenny on 27 April 1652 to ensure that sufficient numbers remained to control the wolf population.

The Long Parliament which Oliver Cromwell had dispersed in 1653 was once more summoned to assemble, by a declaration from the council of officers dated on 6 May 1659.

But the members of Parliament had their own and their constituents ' interests to promote and in the end not enough of them would agree to work with Cromwell, or to sign a declaration of their acceptance of the Instrument of Government, to make the constitutional arrangements in the Instrument of Government work.

In England, those executed after the passing of attainders include George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence ( 1478 ), Thomas Cromwell ( 1540 ), Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury ( 1540 ), Catherine Howard ( 1542 ), Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley ( 1549 ), Thomas Howard ( 1572 ), Thomas Wentworth ( 1641 ), Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud ( 1645 ), and the Duke of Monmouth.

The strength of feeling was recorded in a letter from Lord Conyers and Sir John Bulmer to Thomas Cromwell: " On Sunday, 11th July, at Gysburn in Yorkshire, when the parish priest was declaring the articles dissolution directed by the King to the Archbishop of York, one John Atkeynson alias Brotton came violently and took book forth of the priest's hands, and pulled it in pieces.

On 29 June 1539, Norfolk, Suffolk and Cromwell dined with the King as guests of Archbishop Cranmer.

Afterward they are joined by a third Gentleman, who updates them on more court gossip – the rise of Thomas Cromwell in royal favour, and plots against Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

During the English Civil War he was deprived of his benefices and his prebendal stall at Canterbury Cathedral and retired to Oxford refusing to acknowledge the authority of Oliver Cromwell, who, notwithstanding, requested him to write an " impartial " history of the events of the period.

It lies between the towns of Cromwell in Central Otago and Omarama in North Otago, on the main inland route to the Mackenzie Basin in Canterbury.

He crossed over to England with the royal bride, but, unlike Thomas Cromwell, he did not lose the royal favour when the king repudiated Anne, and in 1541, having already refused the bishopric of Hereford, he became the first post-Reformation dean of Canterbury and in 1544 dean of York.

The Jewish branch of the Barnard family in England is well documented, and is thought to have arrived in England and Ireland, after the time of the readmission of Jews by Oliver Cromwell ( 1656 ); some of whom can be traced back to Rabbi Daniel Barnard of Canterbury, with notable descendants around London, Chatham, Dartford, Kingston upon Hull, Stockton-on-Tees, Bournemouth, Ipswich, Norwich and in Australia.

Such was Catherine's impression on people, that even her enemy, Thomas Cromwell, said of her " If not for her sex, she could have defied all the heroes of History.

Cromwell, aided by Thomas Harrison, forcibly dismissed the Rump on 20 April 1653, for reasons that are unclear.

Leading Fifth Monarchists also had an influence on Oliver Cromwell, as it was Thomas Harrison's idea to introduce the Nominated Assembly ( Barebones Parliament ) as a body of religious men.

Major-General Thomas Harrison, who had commanded the troop which aided Oliver Cromwell in dissolving the Rump, suggested that there be a ruling body based upon the Old Testament Sanhedrin of 70 selected " Saints ", which was based on his beliefs, as a Fifth Monarchist, that the rule of the Saints would usher in the reign of Christ on Earth.

Elizabeth's government did much to consolidate the work begun under Thomas Cromwell in the reign of Henry VIII, that is, expanding the role of the government and effecting common law and administration throughout England.

Some historians think that Thomas Cromwell affected a " Tudor Revolution " in government, and it is certain that Parliament became more important during his chancellorship.

* 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason.

It passed the Self-denying Ordinance, by which all members of either House of Parliament laid down their commands, and re-organized its main forces into the New Model Army (" Army "), under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax, with Cromwell as his second-in-command and Lieutenant-General of Horse.

Over 1539, the king's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, negotiated a potential alliance with the Duchy of Cleves.

Pole reported that the Prince was spoken of highly by Thomas Cromwell in England and had influenced Henry VIII in his turn towards Protestantism, and in his tactics, for example during the Pilgrimage of Grace.

" Thomas Carlyle and Oliver Cromwell ", in Proceedings Of The British Academy 105: pp. 131 – 170.

" Thomas Carlyle and Oliver Cromwell ", in Proceedings Of The British Academy ( 2000 ) 105: pp. 131 – 170.

Parliament passed an order of attainder for High Treason on the four most prominent deceased regicides: John Bradshaw the court president, Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton and Thomas Pride.

Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII ; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I ; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne.

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth the Solicitor General, Richard Rich, to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the church.

Wolf Hall is told through the eyes of a sympathetic Thomas Cromwell.

Along with Thomas Cromwell, he supported the principle of Royal Supremacy, in which the king was considered sovereign over the Church within his realm.

He was kept in close confinement until his execution at Smithfield, two days after the execution of Thomas Cromwell.

The Army commanders Thomas Fairfax and Cromwell were worried by the strength of support for Levellers in the Army, so they decided to impose " The Heads of the Proposals " as the army's manifesto instead of the Levellers ' " Agreement of the People ".

Wolsey fell from favour as a result of his failure to procure a divorce, and Henry appointed Thomas Cromwell in his place.

Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, Henry VIII's chief minister responsible for the Dissolution of the Monasteries

Thomas Cromwell stepped in again, claiming that Anne had taken lovers during her marriage to Henry, and she was tried for high treason, witchcraft and incest ; these charges were most likely fabricated, but she was found guilty, and executed in 1536.

* July 28 – One of the most important political figures of the reign of Henry VIII of England, Thomas Cromwell, is executed on order from the king on charges of treason.

* July 28 – Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman ( executed ) ( b. c. 1485 )