Cross-sectional data sets contain observations at a single point in time ; for example, many individuals ' incomes in a given year.

Cross-sectional image of cristae in rat liver mitochondrion to demonstrate the likely 3D structure and relationship to the inner membrane.

Cross-sectional diagram of an open globe valve.

Cross-sectional area distribution along the body determines wave drag, largely independent of the actual shape.

Image: Heart left atrial appendage tee view. jpg | Cross-sectional view of mitral valve between left atrium ( upper chamber ) and left ventricle ( lower chamber ), which shows parts of walls of left atrium and left ventricle that are next to the mitral valve.

( Cross-sectional refers to observation of a single, specific episode of the illness, for example, one episode of psychotic depression ; while longitudinal refers to long-term observation of many distinct episodes or different often occurring over the span of years.

Cross-sectional data shows typically an earlier onset of cognitive decline in comparison with longitudinal data.

Cross-sectional representation of a non-transferred DC plasma torch.

Cross-sectional studies ( also known as cross-sectional analyses, transversal studies, prevalence study ) form a class of research methods that involve observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time.

Cross-sectional studies involve data collected at a defined time.

Cross-sectional studies may involve special data collection, including questions about the past, but they often rely on data originally collected for other purposes.

Cross-sectional studies using data originally collected for other purposes are often unable to include data on confounding factors, other variables that affect the relationship between the putative cause and effect.

" Music training improves verbal but not visual memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations in children.

Cross-sectional dating has been used to suggest that two members of HERV-K ( HML2 ), HERV-K106, and HERV-K116 were active in the last 800, 000 years and that HERV-K106 may have infected modern humans 150, 000 years ago.

A Cross-sectional regression is a type of regression model in which the explained and explanatory variables are associated with one period or point in time.

Image 5: Cross-sectional diagram of a binary fractional distillation tower with bubble-cap trays.

The next king, Jayavarman VIII, was a Shaivite iconoclast who specialized in destroying Buddhist images and in reestablishing the Hindu shrines that his illustrious predecessor had converted to Buddhism.

The fourth enclosure wall bears 5 m garuda s holding naga ( mythology ) | naga s. Buddha images in the niches above were destroyed in the anti-Buddhist reaction of Jayavarman VIII.

The walls are decorated with apsaras ; Buddha images in niches above them were destroyed in the anti-Buddhist reaction under Jayavarman VIII.

Buddha images on the columns were changed into hermits under Jayavarman VIII.

By August 31, images from the eighth Television Infrared Observation Satellite ( TIROS VIII ) depicted a developing storm with a central dense overcast, banding features and cirrus outflow.

Some of these images showed the Avatar in a rocky, barren landscape with a red sky and it was at this time that it was first stated that the Avatar had actually arrived in Britannia at the end of Ultima VIII and that the Guardian had now conquered this world.

The alabaster head did not survive and although it is unknown exactly what happened to it, it has been suggested that it was probably destroyed by Anglican reformers as a result of the 1538 Injunction against images during the reign of Henry VIII.

Popes have at times followed on devotions initiated by previous popes, for instance in the 16th century, Pope Clement VIII started the venerative practice of crowning Marian images, a practice that was followed by pope Pius XII in the 20th century via the crowning of the Salus Populi Romani icon, as he declared the Queenship of Mary.

The assembly hall of the college depicted frescoes of Buddha ’ s life achievements, the thrones of the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas ; seen on its north wall were stupas ( reliquaries ) and images of Dalai Lama VIII and Dalai Lama XIII, Reting Telkus II and IX, and Lodro Rinchen ( founder of Sera ).

However, the earlier references by Eusebius and Irenaeus indicate veneration of images and reported miracles associated with them as early as the 2nd century.

Eastern Orthodox believe these qualify as icons, in that they were visible images depicting heavenly beings and, in the case of the cherubim, used to indirectly indicate God's presence above the Ark.

The significance of the change in miniature size and placement may indicate images of special emphasis, could merely function as a narrative or didactic technique, or could indicate different artisans at work in Alfonso ’ s scriptorium as the project developed over time.

) Crater counts from high resolution images taken by the Mars Express orbiter in 2004 indicate that lava flows on the northwestern flank of Olympus Mons range in age from 115 million years old ( Mya ) to only 2 Mya.

Local traditions as well as surviving images indicate that similar structures ( also known as, " Morras ", " Majanos ", " Molleros ", or " Paredones ") could once have been found in many locations on the island.

Recent images from Mars Global Surveyor indicate that Phobos is covered with a layer of fine-grained regolith at least 100 meters thick ; it is hypothesized to have been created by impacts from other bodies, but it is not known how the material stuck to an object with almost no gravity.

Letters to his sister-in-law around 1816 indicate that he found a way to fix images on paper, but not prevent them from deterioration in light.

New maps can be created by making three raster images to indicate height, surface, and object placement.

However, images from Cassini indicate that Phoebe's craters show a considerable variation in brightness, which indicate the presence of large quantities of ice below a relatively thin blanket of dark surface deposits some thick.

Often the text is highlighted to indicate where users should focus their eyes ; they are not expected to read by pronouncing the words, but instead to read by viewing the words as complete images.

The tendency to indicate semantic meaning using methods that are purely presentational ( e. g. larger or smaller font sizes, using different font colors, or images or multimedia to provide information ) restricts meaningful access to some users.

Orbital images indicate that there may once have been a very large lake near the source of Ma ' adim Vallis that could have provided the source of this water.

Economics and history professors have published scholarly studies that indicate the images and characters used by Baum and Denslow closely resembled political images that were well known in the 1890s.

The resultant images are lacking in detail, but indicate a rough sphere with some kind of concave depression 1 – 2 km in diameter.

Direct images indicate that Sylvia's pole points towards ecliptic coordinates ( β, λ ) = (+ 62. 6 °, 72. 4 °) with only a 0. 5 ° uncertainty, which gives it an axial tilt of around 29. 1 °.

From 1995 to 1998 he spray-painted over 2000 giant profiles of his own bald head on buildings throughout Beijing, placing the images alongside ' chai ' characters painted by the city authorities to indicate that a building is scheduled for demolition.

Some software producers are trying to push CBIR based applications into the filtering and law enforcement markets for the purpose of identifying and censoring images with skin-tones and shapes that could indicate the presence of nudity, with controversial results.

However, the images were previously though to represent Shiva, but recent studies indicate that Oesho was Zoroastrian Vayu with admittedly many of the attributes of Shiva ( H. Humbach, 1975, p. 402-408.

The spectral energy distribution of AU Microscopii's debris disk at submillimetre wavelengths indicate the presence of an inner hole in the disk extending to 17 AU, while scattered light images estimate the inner hole to be 12 AU in radius.

Although the combat photographers were able to shoot images of the trek to and from the camp, they were unable to use their cameras during the night-time raid, as the flashes would indicate their positions to the Japanese.

The Sanskrit inscriptions at the foot of the images indicate that they were put in the temple in 1678 A. D.