The British developed their own SPAAGs throughout the war mounting multiple machine guns and light cannon on various tank and armoured car chassis and by 1943, the Crusader AA tanks, which mounted the Bofors 40 mm gun or two-three Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.

An officer of the South Alberta demanded that he wanted his Crusader AA tanks to shoot at the Spitfires attacking his Headquarters.

Crusader AA tanks were dispatched with the division but not believed to be used.

Nevertheless, its Western counterparts that were operationally available in the 1950s, such as the US M19 GMC ( based on the M24 Chaffee light tank ) and the M42 Duster SPAAGs ( both armed with the famous 40 mm Bofors M2A1 twin AA gun ) and the British Crusader AA SPAAG which was armed with a single 40 mm Bofors AA gun, had similar problems and were armed with less powerful weapons.

* AA-a version mounting Crusader AA turret with twin Oerlikon cannon capable of high elevation to engage enemy aircraft.

Bethlehem — along with Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Sidon — was briefly ceded to the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem by a treaty between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Ayyubid Sultan al-Kamil in 1229, in return for a ten-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders.

It is certain that the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West, while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.

Instead of three classes, Hexen II features four: Paladin, Crusader, Assassin, and Necromancer, each with their own unique weapons and play style.

Though the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem would continue to exist for a period, its defeat at Hattin marked a turning point in its conflict with the Muslims and Arabs.

He did not press an attack against the desert castles, but attempted to drive out the Muslim Bedouins who lived in Crusader territory with the aim of depriving the Franks of guides.

The hilt of a sword formed a cross with the blade, so if a crucifix was not available, a Crusader could kiss the hilt of his sword when praying, before entering battle, for oaths and vows, and so on.

* Mamluk sultan of Egypt Qalawun signs a 10-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre ; he will violate the truce on pretexts in 1290.

* 1284 – Mamluk sultan of Egypt Qalawun signs a ten-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre ; he will violate the truce on pretexts in 1290.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the other Crusader states, with Moslem states ( in shades of green ) in 1135 during the reign of Melisende.

* Janet Shirley, Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text.

In the process he made alliances with the Pope and the resurgent west, invaded Italy, successfully handled the passage of the dangerous Second Crusade through his empire, and established a Byzantine protectorate over the Crusader states of Outremer.

And in the Levant, a new force had appeared – the Crusader states – who presented the Byzantine Empire with new challenges.

Misinformation from the Crusader accounts and the works of anti-Ismaili historians have contributed to the tales of fida ' is being fed with hashish as part of their training.

* XF8U-3 Crusader III, an experimental fighter intended to replace the F-8 and compete with the F-4 Phantom II

The civil wars started with the disputed succession after King Sigurd the Crusader, who died in 1130, and flared up at shorter or longer intervals for over a century.

Batman, starring Adam West as the Caped Crusader and Burt Ward as his youthful sidekick Robin the Boy Wonder, helped establish ABC as a TV force with which to be reckoned.

The collapse of the Crusader States was offset by Genoa ’ s alliance with the Byzantine Empire.

The stone has survived, and shows him in the garb of a Crusader, with the long beard associated with pilgrims.

Batman escapes, but not before another confrontation with the Gotham police, and a citywide manhunt is now on for the Caped Crusader.

In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states ; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the treachery of his Crusader allies, who deliberately failed to fight against their common Muslim enemies at the crucial moment.

Substantial territories had been recovered, and his successes against the invading Pechenegs, Hungarians, Serbians and Seljuq Turks, along with his attempts to establish Byzantine suzerainty over the Crusader States in Antioch and Edessa, did much to restore the reputation of his empire.

The coat of arms of the Duke of Cornwall is a Crusader shield on which are displayed 15 golden bezants ( gold coins ) in the shape of a triangle with the motto " One and All "

Belief that a lost Nestorian kingdom existed in the east, or that the Crusader states ' salvation depended on an alliance with an Eastern monarch, was one reason for the numerous Christian ambassadors and missionaries sent to the Mongols.

* 26 November 1941, a RAF aircraft bombed the 1st Essex Regiment during Operation Crusader, causing about 40 casualties.

# REDIRECT Space Marines ( Warhammer 40, 000 )# Land Raider Crusader

A Crusader armed with twin Oerlikon 20 mm guns for anti-aircraft use and a single. 303 Vickers GO.

When it was understood that there would be delays in the introduction of successor heavy cruiser tanks — what would become the Cavalier, Centaur and Cromwell — the Crusader was adapted to use the 6 pounder gun.

Although the Crusader was faster than any tanks it opposed, its potential was limited by a relatively light QF 2-pounder gun, thin armour and mechanical problems.

After the completion of the North African Campaign, the availability of better tanks such as the Sherman and Cromwell relegated the Crusader to secondary duties such as anti-aircraft mounts or gun tractors.

The Crusader gun tractors operated with the Armoured Divisions, but were supplanted in part by the 17 pdr Archer self-propelled gun.

Due to delays with the Cruiser Mark VII Cavalier and the need for cruiser tanks, the Crusader was up-gunned with the 6-pounder, the first British tank to mount this gun.

In particular the Crusader placed the crew and gun in separate compartments.

Intended to be in production by 1942, the project was delayed and the Crusader was upgunned as an interim measure with the 6 pounder gun.

The Mk I was first used in combat in the North African Campaign late in 1942, where a few vehicles were reportedly fitted with a Crusader tank turret mounting a 6 pounder gun.

The first in 1945 used the Crusader gun tractor ( developed from the Crusader tank to tow 17 pounder anti-tank guns ).

In Batman: The Brave and the Bold, the latest Batman cartoon, the Caped Crusader uses a very different version of the grapple gun.