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Cygwin consists of a library that implements the POSIX system call API in terms of Win32 system calls, a GNU development toolchain ( including GCC and GDB ) to allow software development, and a large number of application programs equivalent to those on Unix systems.
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Cygwin and consists
Cygwin consists of two parts: a dynamic-link library ( DLL ) as an API compatibility layer providing a substantial part of the POSIX API functionality, and an extensive collection of software tools and applications that provide a Unix-like look and feel.
Cygwin and library
Red Hat normally licenses the Cygwin library under the GNU General Public License version 3 with an exception to allow linking to any free and open source software whose license conforms to the Open Source Definition.
Red Hat also sells commercial licenses to those who wish to redistribute programs that use the Cygwin library under proprietary terms.
Cygwin began in 1995 as a project of Steve Chamberlain, a Cygnus engineer who observed that Windows NT and 95 used COFF as their object file format, and that GNU already included support for x86 and COFF, and the C library newlib.
Windows includes similar functionality, so the Cygwin library just needed to provide a POSIX-compatible application programming interface ( API ) and properly translate calls and manage private versions of data, such as file descriptors.
In addition to the low-level Xlib library for developing X applications, Cygwin also ships with various higher-level and cross-platform GUI frameworks, including Gtk + and Qt.
** MinGW, formerly a fork of Cygwin, provides less POSIX-compliant development environment and supports compatible C-programmed applications via Msvcrt, Microsoft's old Visual C runtime library.
Derived from the Unix / Linux based IRC client, BitchX, TekNap runs in a command line environment natively on * nix OS machines and on Windows machines using a Cygwin dynamically linked library (. dll file.
Accordingly, this approach requires Win32 programs written with Cygwin to run on top of a copylefted compatibility library that must be distributed with the program, along with the program's source code.
Applications written using a cross-platform library that has itself been ported to MinGW, such as SDL, wxWidgets, Qt, or GTK + will usually compile as easily in MinGW as they would in Cygwin.
Along with Korn shell, he is also known as the creator of UWIN, an X / Open library for Win32 systems, similar to Cygwin.
Newlib is also used as the standard C library in Cygwin, as well as being one standard C library among several for AmigaOS version 4.
However, it is also possible to use the program in Microsoft Windows by compiling it with MinGW, or by using the Cygwin library.
Cygwin and POSIX
* Cygwin 1. 7 introduced comprehensive support for POSIX locales and many character encodings, whereby the UTF-8 Unicode encoding became the default.
Cygwin 1. 5 represented them as Windows Explorer shortcuts, but this has been changed for reasons of performance and POSIX correctness.
Cygwin also recognises NTFS junction points and symbolic links and treats them as POSIX symbolic links, but it does not create them as their semantics are not fully POSIX-compliant.
Support for compiling programs that do not require the POSIX compatibility layer provided by the Cygwin DLL used to be included in the default gcc, but is now provided by cross compilers contributed by the MinGW-w64 project.
In addition, a component of MinGW known as MSYS ( Minimal SYStem ), which was derived from Cygwin version 1. 3. 3, provides a minimal Unix-like shell environment including bash and a selection of POSIX tools sufficient to enable autoconf scripts to run.
Cygnus was also the original developer of Cygwin, a POSIX layer and the GNU toolkit port to the Microsoft Windows operating system family, and of eCos, an embedded real-time operating system.
* bash — A Unix shell commonly run on Linux and other modern Unix-like systems, as well as on Windows via the Cygwin POSIX compatibility layer.
Although both Cygwin and MinGW can be used to port Unix software to Windows, they have different approaches: Cygwin aims to provide a complete POSIX layer that provides emulations of several system calls and libraries that exist on Linux, Unix, and the BSD variants.
Because MinGW is dependent upon Win32 API calls, it cannot provide a full POSIX API ; it is unable to compile some Unix applications that can be compiled with Cygwin.
Unix-like emulation or compatibility software running on Windows, such as Cygwin and Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications, allow the use of POSIX interfaces under Windows.
KDE on Cygwin is the port of the Qt toolkit and the KDE desktop environment ( both of which are commonly found in Linux ) to the Windows Operating System by using Cygwin, a POSIX emulation layer.
Cygwin and system
Cygwin provides native integration of Windows-based applications, data, and other system resources with applications, software tools, and data of the Unix-like environment.
One can install the Cygwin or MSYS system on top of Windows to provide a Unix-like compatibility layer, though, allowing configure scripts to run.
Cygwin also provides the GNU Compiler Collection, GNU make, and other software that provides a nearly complete Unix-like system within Windows ; MSYS also provides GNU make and other tools designed to work with the MinGW version of GCC.
This particularly affects Cygwin, which, due to its lack of a native fork system call, may execute configure scripts an order of magnitude slower than Linux.
It is part of the Cygwin project, and is installed using Cygwin's standard setup system.
One can run XDM on the remote system so that a user can log in to the remote computer via a window on the Cygwin / X system and then the remote system puts up web browsers, terminal windows, and the like on the Cygwin / X display.
Another common way for an application on a remote system to operate through a window on a local Cygwin / X display is SSH tunneling.
The SSH server on the remote system sets things up so that any X client program the shell starts ( on the remote system ) uses the local Cygwin / X server.
There are also other distributions, like ActivePerl, the Perl programming language for various operating system, and Cygwin distributions of open-source programs for Microsoft Windows.
It was about this time that the Project open-sourced its software ( using the GPL ; it had previously had an ` academic use only ' licence ), and reworked its build system so that the software could be built on a much broader range of POSIX-like systems, including Mac OS X and Cygwin.
Cygwin and API
This means that Cygwin programs have full access to the Windows API and other Windows libraries, which allows gradual porting of programs from one platform to the other.
Under Microsoft Windows, the iconv binary ( and thus, likely also the API ) is provided by the Cygwin and GnuWin32 environments.
Cygwin and Win32
When Microsoft registered the trademark Win32, the 32 was dropped to simply become Cygwin.
Cygwin and GNU
Many Unix, GNU, BSD and Linux programs and packages have been ported to Cygwin, including the X Window System, K Desktop Environment 3, GNOME, Apache, and TeX.
Nowadays, the MinGW and Cygwin projects also provide such an environment based on the GNU Compiler Collection, using a stand-alone header file collection to make linking against Microsoft DLLs possible.
Parts of the GNU toolchain are also directly used with or ported to other platforms such as Solaris, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows ( via Cygwin and MinGW / MSYS ) and Sony PlayStation 3.
** GNU C ++ for Cygwin
The code base for GT. M on GNU / Linux on IA-32 ( x86 ) includes changes needed to run on Cygwin on Microsoft Windows but this is not yet considered a supported platform.
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