The first charter of human rights by Cyrus the Great as understood in the Cyrus cylinder is often seen as a reflection of the questions and thoughts expressed by Zarathustra and developed in Zoroastrian schools of thought of the Achaemenid Era of Iranian history.

According to Herodotus, Amasis, was asked by Cambyses II or Cyrus the Great for an Egyptian ophthalmologist on good terms.

The Greco-Persian Wars had their roots in the conquest of the Greek cities of Asia Minor, and particular Ionia, by the Achaemenid Persian Empire of Cyrus the Great shortly after 550 BC.

# The remainder of 2 Chronicles ( chapters 10 – 36 ) is a chronicle of the kings of Judah to the time of the Babylonian exile, concluding with the call by Cyrus the Great for the exiles to return to their land.

The last events in Chronicles take place in the reign of Cyrus the Great, the Persian king who conquered Babylon in 539 BCE ; this sets an earliest possible date for the book.

Its subject is the Return to Zion following the close of the Babylonian captivity, and it is divided into two parts, the first telling the story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Cyrus the Great ( 538 BC ) and the completion and dedication of the new Temple in Jerusalem in the sixth year of Darius ( 515 BC ), the second telling of the subsequent mission of Ezra to Jerusalem and his struggle to purify the Jews from the sin of marriage with non-Jews.

# Cyrus the Great

* Prophecies → Passages of Isaiah 40 – 66 refer to events that did not occur in Isaiah's own lifetime, such as the rise of Babylon as the world power, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the rise of Cyrus the Great, which is taken as evidence of later composition.

He also neglected the rise of powerful new enemies, first the Medes, then the Persians under Cyrus the Great.

Cyrus the Great, the Persian king, conquered Babylon in 539 BCE.

Eventually freedom did come to many Israelites, when Cyrus the Great overtook the Babylonians in 539 BCE.

Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year ( ending in December of 521 BC ) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire.

The inscription states in detail that the rebellions, which had resulted from the deaths of Cyrus the Great and his son Cambyses II, were orchestrated by several impostors and their co-conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom falsely proclaimed kinghood during the upheaval following Cyrus's death.

* Cyrus the Great ( ca.

600 BC or 576 BC – 530 BC ) – also known as Cyrus II – the grandson of Cyrus I, an Achaemenid ruler and the founder of the Great Persian Empire

:( See also: Cyrus Cylinder, Cyrus in the Judeo-Christian tradition and Cyrus the Great in the Quran )

# REDIRECT Cyrus the Great

In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire.

Following the fall of Babylon to the Persian king Cyrus the Great, 539 BCE, some Judean exiles returned to Jerusalem, inaugurating the formative period in the development of a distinctive Judahite identity in the Persian province of Yehud.

When Babylon fell to the Persian Cyrus the Great in 539 BCE, Judah ( or Yehud medinata, the " province of Yehud ") became an administrative division within the Persian empire.

After being freed by Cyrus the Great, he went to Ecbatana and remained there until he died, and was buried somewhere nearby, in what is today Toyserkan.

The same period saw the rapid rise of Persia, previously an unimportant kingdom in present-day southern Iran, to a position of great power, and in 539 BC Cyrus II, the Persian ruler, conquered Babylon.

Cyrus is an English transliteration of the Persian name Kourosh.

* Cyrus the Younger ( died 401 BC ), brother to the Persian King Artaxerxes

In 396 BC, during the Persian Wars, the satrap Tissaphernes was lured to Colossae and slain by an agent of the party of Cyrus the Younger.

According to the biblical history, one of the first acts of Cyrus, the Persian conqueror of Babylon, was to commission the Jewish exiles to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple, a task which they are said to have completed c. 515.

The Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great, ruled an area from Greece and Turkey to the Indus River and Central Asia during the 6th to 4th centuries BC.

) An early example of the Greek form of the name is in a 4th century BC work by Xenophon, the Cyropaedia, which is a biography of the Persian king Cyrus the Great.

Unlike some of his predecessors the new Spartan general, Lysander, was not a member of the Spartan royal families and was also formidable in naval strategy ; he was an artful diplomat, who had even cultivated good personal relationships with the Persian prince Cyrus, the son of Darius II.

According to, the Persian emperor, Cyrus the Great ( reigned 559 BCE – 530 BCE ), permitted the return of the exiles to their homeland and ordered the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem ( Zion ).

Under the pretext of fighting Tissaphernes, the Persian satrap of Ionia, Cyrus assembled a massive army composed of native Persian soldiers, but also a large number of Greeks.

* Anabasis ( also: The Persian Expedition or The March Up Country or The Expedition of Cyrus )

Now, even a foreigner such as Cyrus the Persian could serve as the Lord's anointed ( Isaiah 44: 28, 45: 1 ).

* 408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes his son Cyrus a satrap.

Daniel has a lengthy vision ( 10: 1-12: 13 ) in the third year of Cyrus king of Persia, around 536 BCE, regarding conflicts between the " King of the North " and the " King of the South " (= Egypt, 11: 8 ).

The conqueror of Babylon was Gobryas, governor of Gutium, a general of Cyrus, king of Persia.

The successor of Cyrus as king of Persia was named Darius.

Cyrus was succeeded as king by Cambyses, who added Egypt to the empire, incidentally transforming Yehud and the Philistine plain into an important frontier zone.

Theodoret of Cyrus ( c. 393 – c. 457 ) wrote that Isaiah calls the king " morning star ", not as being the star, but as having had the illusion of being it.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

However, messiahs were not exclusively Jewish kings, and the Hebrew Bible refers to Cyrus the Great, king of Persia, as a messiah.

It is used throughout the Hebrew Bible in reference to a wide variety of individuals and objects ; for example, a Jewish king, Jewish priests, and prophets, the Jewish Temple and its utensils, unleavened bread, and a non-Jewish king ( Cyrus king of Persia ).

While a young man, Xenophon participated in the expedition led by Cyrus the Younger against his older brother, king Artaxerxes II of Persia, in 401 BC.

* 401 BC: Cyrus the Younger rebels against the Persian king Artaxerxes II but is, however, eventually slain in battle.

* 580 BC — Cambyses I succeeds Cyrus I as king of Anshan and head of the Achaemenid dynasty.

Marrying a daughter of Cyrus strengthened Darius's position as king.

Cambyses II (, Kɑmboujie ,) ( 522 BCE ) son of Cyrus the Great ( r. 559 – 530 BCE ), was a king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire.

On a tablet dated from the first year of Cyrus, Cambyses is called king of Babylon, although his authority seems to have been ephemeral.

Numerous Babylonian tablets of the time date from the accession and the first year of Cambyses, when Cyrus was " king of the countries " ( i. e., of the world ).

Of the reign of the last Babylonian king, Nabonidus ( Nabu-na ' id ), and the conquest of Babylonia by Cyrus, there is a fair amount of information available.

Information regarding Nabonidus is chiefly derived from a chronological tablet containing the annals of Nabonidus, supplemented by another inscription of Nabonidus where he recounts his restoration of the temple of the Moon-god at Harran ; as well as by a proclamation of Cyrus issued shortly after his formal recognition as king of Babylonia.