soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT ; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood ; pollution of Hrazdan ( Razdan ) and Araks Rivers ; the draining of Sevana Lich ( Lake Sevan ), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies ; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate ( IAEA-recommended ) safety and backup systems

Technical DDT has been formulated in almost every conceivable form including solutions in xylene or petroleum distillates, emulsifiable concentrates, water-wettable powders, granules, aerosols, smoke candles, and charges for vaporisers and lotions.

Trade names that DDT has been marketed under include Anofex ( Geigy Chemical Corp .), Cezarex, Chlorophenothane, Clofenotane, Dicophane, Dinocide, Gesarol ( Syngenta Crop.

From 1950 to 1980, DDT was extensively used in agriculture — more than 40, 000 tonnes were used each year worldwide — and it has been estimated that a total of 1. 8 million tonnes have been produced globally since the 1940s.

Because of its lipophilic properties, DDT has a high potential to bioaccumulate, especially in predatory birds.

p, p '- DDT, DDT's main component, has little or no androgenic or estrogenic activity.

Minor component o, p '- DDT has weak estrogenic activity.

It has also been alleged that donor governments and agencies have refused to fund DDT spraying, or made aid contingent upon not using DDT.

" USAID's Kent R. Hill states that the agency has been misrepresented: " USAID strongly supports spraying as a preventative measure for malaria and will support the use of DDT when it is scientifically sound and warranted.

" The Agency's website states that " USAID has never had a ' policy ' as such either ' for ' or ' against ' DDT for IRS.

The real change in the past two years has been a new interest and emphasis on the use of IRS in general — with DDT or any other insecticide — as an effective malaria prevention strategy in tropical Africa.

The near-worldwide ban on agricultural use of DDT and related chemicals has allowed some of these birds, such as the peregrine falcon, to recover in recent years.

Another report outlined the belief that opposition to DDT is misplaced and that the ban on DDT has resulted in the deaths of millions of children, mostly in poor nations.

Control has required the use of the harshest available insecticides-historically lead arsenate and DDT were used.

In this area, since 1947, large amounts of DDTR ( DDT ( dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ), DDD, and DDE ) flowed through waterways from the DDT manufacturing site located on the Redstone Arsenal near Huntsville, Alabama down to the habitat area of M. grisescens, where heavycontamination of the local biota has occurred .< ref > Bagley, F. M., D. R.

Most recently, it has been suggested that exposure to DDT in utero can increase a child's risk of childhood obesity.

Throughout his career he was known for his intense and cerebral promos, his dark charisma, his extensive use of psychology in his matches, and has been credited as inventor of the DDT maneuver.

Pesticide residues running off from agricultural fields and shrimp farms has entered the ecosystem and many species have high concentrations of DDT and HCH in their tissue.

Roy Innis, chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality has argued that European Union restrictions on the use of the pesticide DDT to combat malaria are killing ' black babies ’.

It has been argued that this trend occurs in the level of many of the environmental pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, lead, DDT, chlorofluorocarbons, sewage, and other chemicals previously released directly into the air or water.

On the February 12, 2001 edition of Nitro, as on-screen CEO Ric Flair and the Magnificent Seven were trying to discuss things inside the ring, Kevin Nash appeared on the Turnertron and told Ric that he has his son David in his locker room, Nash told Ric that his number-one priority is to become number-one contender to the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against Scott Steiner at Superbrawl Revenge, his number two-priority is that if Dustin Rhodes beats Rick Steiner who was WCW U. S. Champion at the time in a non-tile match, Nash would get his title shot against Scott Steiner for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship later that night, Rhodes pinned Steiner after a DDT as a result, Nash got his title shot against Scott Steiner for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship that night, Later that night, Nash came into the ring with Ric's son David, as they started coming to the ring, Nash gave a punch to David, Ric Flair and WCW security came out and Ric begged Nash to stop assaulting his son, Nash did not listen and gave David a Jackknife Powerbomb, Ric and WCW security started coming to the ring to pull David out of the ring as the champion Scott Steiner was coming to the ring alongside Midajah too to start his WCW World Heavyweight title match with Nash.

The book catalogued the environmental impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of DDT in the US and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment without fully understanding their effects on ecology or human health.

Along with the passage of the Endangered Species Act, the US ban on DDT is cited by scientists as a major factor in the comeback of the bald eagle, the national bird of the United States, from near-extinction in the contiguous US.

In 1955, the World Health Organization commenced a program to eradicate malaria worldwide, relying largely on DDT.

DDT became a prime target of the growing anti-chemical and anti-pesticide movements, and in 1967 a group of scientists and lawyers founded the Environmental Defense Fund ( EDF ) with the specific goal of winning a ban on DDT.

The U. S. DDT ban took place amidst a growing public mistrust of industry, with the Surgeon General issuing a report on smoking in 1964, the Cuyahoga River catching fire in 1969, the fiasco surrounding the use of diethylstilbestrol ( DES ), and the well-publicized decline in the bald eagle population.

Due to hydrophobic properties, in aquatic ecosystems DDT and its metabolites are absorbed by aquatic organisms and adsorbed on suspended particles, leaving little DDT dissolved in the water itself.

DDT is classified as " moderately toxic " by the United States National Toxicology Program ( NTP ) and " moderately hazardous " by the World Health Organization ( WHO ), based on the rat oral of 113 mg / kg.

" Roger Bate asserts, " many countries have been coming under pressure from international health and environment agencies to give up DDT or face losing aid grants: Belize and Bolivia are on record admitting they gave in to pressure on this issue from.

The relative effectiveness of IRS ( with DDT or alternative insecticides ) versus other malaria control techniques ( e. g. bednets or prompt access to anti-malarial drugs ) varies greatly and is highly dependent on local conditions.

However, a study in Thailand found the cost per malaria case prevented of DDT spraying ($ 1. 87 US ) to be 21 % greater than the cost per case prevented of lambda-cyhalothrin – treated nets ($ 1. 54 US ), at very least casting some doubt on the unexamined assumption that DDT was the most cost-effective measure to use in all cases.

** The US ban on the pesticide DDT takes effect.

Egg collection is no longer popular ; however historic museum collections have been of value in determining the effects of pesticides such as DDT on physiology.

Even larger epidemics in the post-war chaos of Europe were only averted by the widespread use of the newly discovered DDT to kill the lice on millions of refugees and displaced persons.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the main threats to Osprey populations were egg collectors and hunting of the adults along with other birds of prey, but Osprey populations declined drastically in many areas in the 1950s and 1960s ; this appeared to be in part due to the toxic effects of insecticides such as DDT on reproduction.

DDT was introduced on the market in 1944.

One of the better known impacts of DDT is to reduce the thickness of the egg shells on predatory birds.

Reaching sexual maturity at one year, it mates for life and nests in a scrape, normally on cliff edges or, in recent times, on tall human-made structures .< ref > The Peregrine Falcon became an endangered species in many areas because of pesticides, especially DDT.

By the time DDT was introduced in the U. S., the disease had already been brought under control by a variety of other means.

In Mexico, effective and affordable chemical and non-chemical strategies against malaria have been so successful that the Mexican DDT manufacturing plant ceased production due to lack of demand.

Some pollutant chemicals that have been found in the lake include DDT,

In fact, Carson had become concerned about the effect of pesticides, DDT particularly, as early as the 1940s, when anti-pest campaigns had been part of the Pacific war effort.

Pesticides such as DDT and hexachlorocyclohexane, as well as industrial waste, mainly from the Baikalisk pulp and paper plant, have thought to have been the cause of several disease epidemics among the Baikal Seal.

With the possible exception of widespread DDT use in the Soviet Union, attempts to limit the population or distribution of disease-causing ticks have been very unsuccessful.

They have also been contaminated by pollutants such as DDT and PCBs.

They are often quite effective for controlling arthropod populations, though use of some of these chemicals is controversial, and some organophosphates and organochlorides ( such as DDT ) have been banned in many countries.

Since being banned, the average human body burdens of DDT and PCB have been declining.

In 2007 DDT released the album Prekrasnaya lyobov ( Wonderful Love ), a collection of previously unreleased songs which had been performed by the group for many years in addition to several new songs.

The peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus ), which was once endangered by human pesticide use ( see DDT ), have been frequently seen nesting in tall urban buildings throughout North America, feeding chiefly on the introduced rock dove.