" The DNA testing was originally proposed to add new members, many of whose family record books were lost during 20th-century upheavals, to the Confucian family tree.

Although Celera was originally set to sequence a composite of DNA samples, partway through the sequencing, Venter switched the samples for his own DNA.

The common commercially available DNA ligases were originally discovered in bacteriophage T4, E. coli and other bacteria.

Almost all PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

The scientists fabricated saliva and blood samples, which originally contained DNA from a person other than the supposed donor of the blood and saliva.

Jeffreys ' DNA method, which is often called DNA fingerprinting, was first put to use when he was asked to help in a disputed immigration case to confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Ghana.

Evidence such as DNA and bone fragments also suggests that rats did not originally come from Europe, but migrated from southeast Asia.

In the cells of extant organisms, the vast majority of the proteins present in the mitochondria ( numbering approximately 1500 different types in mammals ) are coded for by nuclear DNA, but the genes for some of them, if not most, are thought to have originally been of bacterial origin, having since been transferred to the eukaryotic nucleus during evolution.

Although originally she was to have worked on X-ray diffraction of proteins and lipids in solution, Randall redirected her work to DNA fibers before she started working at King's since Franklin was to be the only experienced experimental diffraction researcher at King's in 1951.

In 2002, another man's confession, plus DNA evidence confirming his crime, led the district attorney's office to recommend vacating the convictions of the teenagers originally accused and sentenced to prison.

Historically, the markers originally used were detectable phenotypes ( enzyme production, eye color ) derived from coding DNA sequences ; eventually, confirmed or assumed noncoding DNA sequences such as microsatellites or those generating restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLPs ) have been used.

It originally started to bond with a police woman named Suzi Pazuzu, but after a timely intervention by Dr. Bong bonded to Howard instead, whose DNA was unstable at the time, causing him to spontaneously change genders.

Kraken was originally not a judge but one of the Judda, a rogue army of clones created by the renegade Judge Morton Judd from the DNA of Mega-City One's greatest judges, and hidden in a secret base within Ayers Rock.

The Sandwich Tern was originally described by ornithologist John Latham in 1787 as Sterna sandvicensis, but was recently moved to its current genus Thalasseus ( Boie, 1822 ) following mitochondrial DNA studies which confirmed that the three types of head pattern ( white crown, black cap, and black cap with a white blaze on the forehead ) found amongst the terns corresponded to distinct clades.

An Alu element is a short stretch of DNA originally characterized by the action of the Alu ( Arthrobacter luteus ) restriction endonuclease.

However, DNA evidence later proved the originally charged teens innocent ; a convicted serial rapist confessed to the crime.

SIR2 was originally found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( brewer's yeast ), where it is involved in chromosomal silencing — a form of transcriptional regulation, in which regions of the genome are reversibly inactivated by changes in chromatin structure ( chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that make chromosomes ).

The Eastern Virginia District Court originally found that felons were entitled access to DNA testing on potentially exculpatory evidence, but this finding was later overturned by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals.

They were originally discovered in 1966 by Kiwako Sakabe and Reiji Okazaki in their research on DNA replication of Escherichia coli.

As a conclusion of DNA fingerprinting at the University of California, Davis in 1997, Syrah was identified as the source of the pollen that originally crossed with Peloursin flowers.

Mosaics were originally created by irradiating flies heterozygous for a particular allele with X-rays, inducing double-strand DNA breaks which, when repaired, could result in a cell homozygous for one of the two alleles.

Semiconservative replication means that when the double stranded DNA helix was replicated, each of the two double stranded DNA helices consisted of one strand coming from the original helix and one newly synthesized.

The United Kingdom National DNA Database consisted of an estimated number 5, 512, 776 profiles of individuals as of March 2011.

In the marine bryozoan Celleporella hyalina, detailed morphological analyses and mating compatibility tests between the isolates identified by DNA sequence analysis were used to confirm that these groups consisted of more than 10 ecologically distinct species that had been diverging for many million years.

* 1953 – Arto Lindsay, American singer, guitarist, producer, and composer ( DNA, The Golden Palominos, The Lounge Lizards, and Ambitious Lovers )

DNA was a No Wave band formed in 1978 by guitarist Arto Lindsay and keyboardist Robin Crutchfield.

Her first musical experience was as the drummer for seminal no wave band DNA, which also featured East Village hero Arto Lindsay.

They were heavily influenced by so-called no wave music ( Arto Lindsay had played in the seminal no-wave band DNA ), but their music also contained elements of funk and of the improvisational jazz stylings that would become Zorn's trademark.

Constantine's Shaper family has been disgraced by Constantine's defeat, and Lindsay manages to convert them to his cause, even Constantine's " daughter " Vera ( created from DNA taken from Vera Kelland decades before ).

He also reveals that Vera Constantine's DNA comes as much from Lindsay as Vera Kelland.

Later, while trying to sell his art work, he encounters many downtown New York characters, from musician Arto Lindsay and his band DNA to David McDermott to graffiti artists Lee Quinones and Fab Five Freddy.

Shortly after the recording of No New York, Crutchfield left DNA to form a new band, Dark Day.

The Alexander Gordon line is the earliest Gordon family in the New World according to the Gordon Genealogy DNA Project, and descends from Adam de Gordoun through Sir William Gordon 1265 Laird of Strathbogie ( now Huntly ).

An estimate using DNA sequences from about 45 different species of Volvox and related species suggests that the transition from single cells to undifferentiated multicellular colonies took about 35 million years.

With the invention of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) technique, DNA profiling took huge strides forward in both discriminating power and the ability to recover information from very small ( or degraded ) starting samples.

Horner used evolutionary developmental biology on a chick embryo because he knew he couldn't make an exact replica of a dinosaur since there is no more DNA so instead he just took the framework still in the chick's DNA that allowed it to evolve from a dinosaur.

When center Eddy Curry showed possible symptoms of a heart problem shortly before the playoffs, Paxson took a cautious approach and would not clear Curry to play without extensive DNA testing.

A research team took DNA samples from Selby in an unsuccessful attempt to diagnose Merrick's condition.

The analysts took from the items used in the test six different DNA samples, all of which turned out to be identical, but they differed substantially from the blood sample examined in 1996, the authenticity of which was therefore questioned.

The ability of humans to change the genetics of animals took a large step forwards in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch was able to produce the first transgenic mammal, by integrating DNA from the SV40 virus into the genome of mice.

The fact came into light when his son Peter Reichard, a 53-year-old banker in North Carolina, took a DNA test after learning about his mother's doubt concerning Peter's heritage.

' Nick ' is amused by the other man's insistence that they are brothers, and he finally agrees to give the man his dying wish and took a DNA test.

Later, the last living Arn came to Earth and took DNA samples of the colony, and returned to the Hork-Bajir homeworld, using cloning techniques to create a second free Hork-Bajir group there.

Bing alleged that Kerkorian's private investigators took Bing's dental floss out of his trash to collect his DNA.

The national DNA database took eight years to become fully functional because of minor differences in Commonwealth, state and territory legislation.

Prior to the 1st Cylon War, Capricans took a racist view of Taurons, with one Caprican government official privately stating that " deceit is in their DNA.

Although Saturnyne took a sample of Jaspers ' DNA with the intention of cloning him, the DNA was secretly destroyed by Merlyn's daughter, Roma.

The project took DNA samples from hundreds of volunteers throughout Britain, seeking tell-tale fragments of DNA that would reveal the biological traces of successive waves of colonisers — Celts, Saxons, Vikings, etc.

He learns that Vandal Savage was involved in an experiment at Symbolix called Project: Telemachus, where he took DNA samples he had collected from various superheroes and injected them into a fitting vessel: Grant.

When Marrina became enraged and her Plodex DNA took over, she would take on a more beast-like appearance.

During Beckett's capture on the planet M8G-352 in season 3's " Misbegotten ", Michael took some of Beckett's DNA to make a clone.

When the Joker took the Royal Flush Gang from Cadmus, he also stole some technology he would later use to overwrite his DNA into Tim Drake during Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker as explained in Epilogue.

Two scientists, Isabel Beasley of James Cook University and Peter Arnold of Museum of Tropical Queensland, took DNA samples from the population of dolphins off the coast of Townsville, Queensland, and sent them to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla, California.

In 1948, Roger and Colette Vendrely reported a " remarkable constancy in the nuclear DNA content of all the cells in all the individuals within a given animal species ", which they took as evidence that DNA, rather than protein, was the substance of which genes are composed.