Following the Darfur Peace Agreement, the office of senior Presidential advisor was allocated to Minni Minnawi, a Zaghawa of the Sudanese Liberation Army ( SLA ), and this thus became the fourth highest constitutional post.

The Sudanese Sahel became part of independent Sudan in 1956 and entered a lasting period of political instability and warfare, still ongoing in the War in Darfur.

Darfur was platted in April 1899 by the Chicago and North Western Railway ; its incorporation as a village was completed on December 31, 1903 and it became a city on January 1, 1974 when Minnesota abolished villages.

On July 15, 2004, Rush became the second sitting member of Congress, following Charles Rangel and preceding Joe Hoeffel, to be arrested for trespassing while protesting the genocide in Darfur and other violations of human rights in Sudan in front of the Sudanese Embassy.

Clooney became a strong activist for Darfur.

In April 2009, JEM leader Khalil Ibrahim told Aljazeera English in an exclusive interview recorded at his rebel base camp on the Chad-Sudan border that JEM would seek the independence of Darfur if South Sudan became independent.

A large section of the population in Darfur, particularly the non-Arab ethnicities in the region, became increasingly marginalized.

In the spring of 1793 he visited Sinai, and in May set out for Darfur, joining the great caravan which every year went by the desert route from Egypt to that country.

Sabun's successors were less able than he, and Darfur took advantage of a disputed political succession in 1838 to put its own candidate in power.

However, following a deadly civil war and the ongoing genocide in Darfur, Sudan is widely recognized as an authoritarian state where all effective political power is obtained by President Omar al-Bashir poopthe ruling National Congress Party ( NCO ).

The agreement includes provisions for wealth sharing and power sharing and established a Transitional Darfur Regional Authority to help administer Darfur until a referendum could be held on the future of the region.

Although Zaghawa power was broken by the rise of Kanem in the Lake Chad region, Zaghawa retained control over a considerable portion of the lands lying east of Kanem, and it is only in the late 14th century that Darfur is mentioned as an independent state by the Egyptian historian and geographer Maqrizi.

Following the rise of Darfur and Kanem, the Zaghawa appear to have controlled only desert areas and ceased to be a major regional power.

Some believe it formed during the period of disorder in the Kordofan when the Kingdom of Sennar was declining and Darfur was growing in power.

The empire controlled all of the Sahel from the borders of Darfur in the east to Hausaland to the west.

Remote sensing has detected the imprint of a vast underground lake under Darfur.

The Darfuris were restive under Egyptian rule, but were no more predisposed to accept the rule of the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad, when in 1882 his Emir of Darfur, who was from the Southern Darfur Arab Rizeigat tribe led by Sheikh Madibbo, defeated the Ottoman forces led by Slatin Pasha ( that had just invaded Egypt earlier that year ) in Darfur.

During World War I, the British, being concerned that the sultanate might fall under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, invaded and incorporated Darfur into the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1916.

* Elliesie, Hatem, " Sudan under the Constraints of ( International ) Human Rights Law and Humanitarian Law: The Case of Darfur ", in Hatem Elliesie ( ed.

Later, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 1997 to 2007 and then Joint Special Representative of the United Nations and the African Union for Darfur from 2007 to 2009.

The Sennari however suffered a decisive defeat in 1784 and thereafter under Darfur viceroys the country enjoyed prosperity.

Historically under a minor sultanate, they were positioned between the two dominant sultanates of the area, Darfur and Wadai ( in Chad ).

PetroChina has also come under scrutiny from international organizations for its part in trading with the Sudanese government who continues the ongoing war in Darfur.

When Emperor Iyasu II of Ethiopia invaded his realm in 1738, the army of Sennar under the leadership of Hamis, a prince of Darfur, inflicted a significant defeat of the invaders at the Battle of the Dindar River.

To support the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed by the government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005, to perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, protection, promotion of human rights, and to support AMIS, the UN Security Council established the United Nations Mission In Sudan ( UNMIS ) under Resolution 1590 on March 24, 2005 because the Security Council deemed the situation in Darfur to be a " threat to peace and international security.

The Keira dynasty were the rulers of the Sultanate of Darfur from the seventeenth century to 1916.

Originally the Keira clan were perhaps regional rulers in the Tunjur state, with Sulayman traditionally seen as the founder of the Darfur state.

The Keira dynasty finally ended in 1916 when the British annexed Darfur to the Sudan.

* The Keira dynasty, rulers of Darfur ( 17th-20th centuries )

According to China's critics, China has offered Sudan support threatening to use its veto on the U. N. Security Council to protect Khartoum from sanctions and has been able to water down every resolution on Darfur in order to protect its interests in Sudan.

The SPLM draws its support from Southern Christians, but regularly engages with Muslim opposition parties and rebel groups in Darfur and the east.

Citing Luebke ’ s work in leading the Sudan ( Darfur ) Divestment Act, the Human Rights Coalition of North Carolina awarded him its International Human Rights award in 2007.

While this initiative focuses on the Darfur Conflict, the Museum wishes to broaden its scope to all human rights violations.

Following the overthrow of Abdallahi at Omdurman in 1899 by the Anglo-Egyptian forces, the new Anglo-Egyptian government recognized Ali Dinar as the sultan of Darfur and largely left the Dar to its own affairs except for a nominal annual tribute.

During a rally in Paris on 21 March he declared: " If this drama does not stop, France would do itself credit by not coming to the Olympic Games ", criticising China's opposition to sanctions against Sudan over its involvement in the humanitarian crisis in Darfur.

Human Rights Watch called on the Council to avoid the selectivity that discredited its predecessor and urged it to hold special sessions on other urgent situations, such as that in Darfur.

As such, the mission of the OSI shifted in its last years from focusing strictly on World War II criminals to seeking out and prosecuting war criminals from the conflicts in Bosnia, Serbia, Rwanda, and Darfur who have sought refuge by coming to the United States.

In recent years, the organization also has turned its attention to the erosion of human rights in the U. S. in the post-9 / 11 period ; to the rise in anti-Semitic, racist and anti-Muslim hate crimes and other forms of discrimination in Europe ; and to war crimes and crimes against humanity in places like Darfur.

It was the center of the Sultanate of Darfur and contained both its capital al-Fashir and its biggest trading city Kobbei.

It released the film on DVD in 2008 and announced that proceeds from its sale would be donated to the International Rescue Committee for its humanitarian efforts in Darfur.

In one of its first actions the Pan African Parliament agreed to send a fact-finding mission to the Darfur region of Sudan.

In 2008, it was released on DVD with the proceeds from its sale being donated to the International Rescue Committee to help the people of Darfur.

In Thelwall's classification, Nobiin forms a " Northern " branch on its own whereas Kenzi-Dongolawi is considered part of Central Nubian, along with Birged ( north Darfur ) and the Hill Nubian languages ( Nuba Mountains, Kordofan province ).

The NIF has shown itself to be both politically adept and ruthless in its use of violence, in particular in the internal conflicts of the Second Sudanese Civil War and the Darfur conflict, as well in the provisioning of proxy forces such as the Lord's Resistance Army, West Nile Bank Front and Uganda National Rescue Front II against Uganda.

In 2004, Kean introduced legislation to prohibit investment of public money in companies doing business in Sudan because of that country's failure to prevent genocide in Darfur and its human rights abuses that include severe restrictions on the freedoms of assembly, association, movement and speech.

" Currently GI-NET focuses most of its efforts on the genocide in Darfur, Sudan.

Minnawi served as the Chairperson of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority from its formation in 2007 to his dismissal in December 2010.