Another view attempts to identify him instead with Artaxerxes I ( ruled 465 – 424 BCE ), whose Babylonian concubine, Kosmartydene, was the mother of his son Darius II ( ruled 424 – 405 BCE ).

Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year ( ending in December of 521 BC ) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

* In Darius II ( arcade game ), players travel to Mars to eliminate one of many underground enemy bases.

Unlike some of his predecessors the new Spartan general, Lysander, was not a member of the Spartan royal families and was also formidable in naval strategy ; he was an artful diplomat, who had even cultivated good personal relationships with the Persian prince Cyrus, the son of Darius II.

Another canal probably incorporating a portion of the first was constructed under the reign of Necho II and completed by Darius.

Later the Persian king Darius had the same idea, and yet again Ptolemy II, who made a trench 100 feet wide, 30 feet deep and about 35 miles long, as far as the Bitter Lakes.

* 408 BC: The Persian king, Darius II, decides to aid Sparta in the war and makes his son Cyrus a satrap.

* Darius II, king of Persia ( reigned 423 – 404 BC )

* The Persian King Darius II dies of an illness in Babylon.

* Darius II Ochus, King of the Persian Empire

He is the leader of the Persian Empire in the video game Civilization II and III ( along with Scheherazade ), although Civilization IV replaces him with Cyrus the Great and Darius I.

After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II.

The second was Darius II, Artaxerxes I's son by his concubine Cosmartidene of Babylon, who was married to their common half-sister Parysatis, daughter of Artaxerxes I and his concubine Andia of Babylon.

Ochus ' first inscription as Darius II can be dated to January 10, 423 BC.

Darius II became the sole ruler of the Persian Empire and would reign till 404 BC.

* Darius II ( 423 to 404 BC )

** Darius II ( arcade game )

Therefore, many scholars identify him with Cyaxares II rather than Darius I of Persia.

Also according to Herodotus ( III. 139 ), Darius, prior to seizing power and " of no consequence at the time ", had served as a spearman ( doryphoros ) in the Egyptian campaign ( 528 – 525 BCE ) of Cambyses II, then the Persian Great King.

Darius did not seem to have any treasonous thoughts as Cambyses II ascended the throne peacefully, and through promotion Darius was eventually elevated to Cambyses's personal lancer.

Darius II (),( Dārayavahuš ), was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.

Neither the names Xerxes II nor Sogdianus occur in the dates of the numerous Babylonian tablets from Nippur ; here effectively the reign of Darius II follows immediately after that of Artaxerxes I.

Under the reign of Darius, Zechariah also emerged, centering around the rebuilding of the temple.

From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscription and engraving of Darius the great, installed at junction of waters of Red Sea ( also called " Arabian Gulf " or " Ahmar Sea ") and the Nile river and the Rome river ( current Mediterranean ) which belongs to the 5th century BC where, Darius the Great, the king of the Achaemenid Empire has named the Persian Gulf Water Channel: Pars Sea ( Persian Sea ).

Some modern scholars also view the unusual decision of Darius to give the throne to Xerxes to be a result of his consideration of the unique positions that Cyrus the Great and his daughter Atossa have had.

Darius also worked on construction projects throughout the empire, focusing on Susa, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Babylon and Egypt.

Darius also started many massive architectural projects, including magnificent palaces in Persepolis and Susa.

It was completed and inaugurated of the sixth year of Darius ( March 515 BCE ), as also related in the Book of Ezra ( chapter 6, verse 15 ), so the 70-year prophecy of Jeremiah was fulfilled.

Darius also led his armies to the Indus River, building fortresses and establishing Persian rule.

Before returning, Darius also conquered many cities of the northern Aegean, while Macedonia submitted voluntarily.

Darius also married Parmys, the daughter of Bardiya, with whom he had a son, Ariomardos.

Darius also built a canal to connect the Red Sea and Mediterranean.

A palace was also built during the reign of Darius, with an inscription in the name of Cyrus the Great.

Darius also created several roads and routes in Egypt.

With the Persian Empire now effectively under Alexander's control, Alexander then decided to pursue Darius, but Darius was killed by a satrap, who was also his cousin, named Bessus before Alexander reached him.

Darius did attempt to restore his once great army after his defeat at the hands of Alexander, but he failed to raise a force comparable to that which had fought at Gaugamela, partly because the defeat had undermined his authority, and also because Alexander ’ s liberal policy, for instance in Babylonia and in Persis, offered an acceptable alternative to Persian domination.

Darius also saw the opportunity to expand his empire into the fractious world of Ancient Greece.

He also accepts the surrender of Darius ' Greek mercenaries.

He and Hephaestion marry Darius III's daughters Barsine ( also called Stateira ) and Drypteis, respectively, and 10, 000 of his soldiers with native wives are given generous dowries.

Bardiya also took away the herds and houses of the people, which Darius corrected once he gained the throne.

Xenakis, who was by that time well acquainted with music of Debussy, Béla Bartók, and Stravinsky, all of whom used such devices and much more experimental ones, was furious and left to study with Darius Milhaud, but these lessons also proved fruitless.

Mithridates in descent was related to the kings of Parthia and, according to archaeological research at Mount Nemrut, was also a descendant of King Darius I of Persia.

It also provides other contextual information relating Jewish and Persian history such as the identification of Darius the Mede as the uncle and father-in-law of Cyrus.