Dennett's views on evolution are identified as being strongly adaptationist, in line with his theory of the intentional stance, and the evolutionary views of biologist Richard Dawkins.

The idea of the phenotype has been generalized by Richard Dawkins in The Extended Phenotype to mean all the effects a gene has on the outside world that may influence its chances of being replicated.

Dawkins writes that gene combinations which help an organism to survive and reproduce tend to also improve the gene's own chances of being passed on and, as a result, frequently " successful " genes will also be beneficial to the organism.

After initially being largely ignored by most scientists, ( from 1969 until 1977 ), thereafter for a period, the initial Gaia hypothesis was criticized by a number of scientists, such as Ford Doolittle, Richard Dawkins and Stephen Jay Gould.

According to the book Skeptics Dictionary, Chopra's " mind-body claims get even murkier as he tries to connect Ayurveda with quantum physics .” Chopra also participated in the Channel 4 ( UK ) documentary The Enemies of Reason, where, when interviewed by scientist Richard Dawkins, he admitted that the term " quantum theory " was being used as a metaphor and that it has little to do with the actual quantum theory in physics.

In the same month, prominent biologist Richard Dawkins was quoted saying the following about Liberty University ; " If it's really true that the museum at Liberty University has dinosaur fossils which are labeled as being 3, 000 years old, then that is an educational disgrace.

Interviewed by Jacob Fortin on guilt about being a skeptic on a show that Richard Dawkins campaigned against, Davis replied that at first he had some trepidation until realizing that Dawkins " had no evidence whatsoever and presented none " that the show encouraged people to think uncritically.

Dawkins graduated from the Military Academy in 1959 < ref name = autogenerated1 > Serving until 1983 shortly after being promoted to Brig. General.

The following week, Dawkins was gone, the victim of America's vote being used as a tiebreaker when he got his second cut vote of the night, though Scott also had two cut votes.

Dawkins was also given a number of honors, including being named to the ACC 50th Anniversary men's basketball team honoring the 50 greatest players in Atlantic Coast Conference history and being named the 78th greatest player in college basketball history by The Sporting Newss book, Legends of College Basketball, in 2002.

The Guardian quoted unnamed head teachers as being critical of the project, however the initiative did receive support from across the spectrum, including from Richard Dawkins.

Richard Dawkins criticized the book for being logically flawed by setting up a false dichotomy in which Darwinian evolution is rejected despite an enormous amount of positive evidence due to a single apparent failure to explain irreducible complexity.

Richard Dawkins ( 2005 ) agreed with Edwards ' view, summarizing the argument against Lewontin as being, " However small the racial partition of the total variation may be, if such racial characteristics as there are highly correlate with other racial characteristics, they are by definition informative, and therefore of taxonomic significance.

Hamilton, Richard Dawkins, Steven Pinker and Daniel Dennett being frequent examples ) have over-emphasized the power of natural selection to shape individual traits to an evolutionary optimum, and ignored the role of developmental constraints, and other factors to explain extant morphological and behavioural traits.

He studied at both Oxford and Cambridge in the 1980s ( his doctoral advisor being Richard Dawkins ), was a professor at Emory University, Atlanta, U. S. A., and-as of 2005-works at the Department of Zoology, Oxford University.

As Dawkins puts it, " however many ways there may be of being alive, it is certain that there are vastly more ways of being dead ".

Richard Dawkins with Ariane Sherine at the Atheist Bus Campaign launch The early twenty-first century has continued to see secularism and atheism promoted in the Western world, with the general consensus being that the number of people not affiliated with any particular religion has increased.

* Richard Dawkins ' The God Delusion and Atheist Fundamentalism by Simon Watson, published in Anthropoetics XV, 2 Spring 2010

* Natural ' Knowledge ' and Natural ' Design ' by Richard Dawkins

The word meme is a shortening ( modeled on gene ) of mimeme ( from Ancient Greek μίμημα mīmēma, " something imitated ", from μιμεῖσθαι mimeisthai, " to imitate ", from μῖμος mimos " mime ") and it was coined by the British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene ( 1976 ) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena.

To emphasize commonality with genes, Dawkins coined the term " meme " by shortening " mimeme ", which derives from the Greek word mimema (" something imitated ").

Dawkins likened the process by which memes survive and change through the evolution of culture to the natural selection of genes in biological evolution.

Burman, by contrast, has shown that the misunderstanding that memes are " real " is a result of a popularization based on a confused interpretation of Dawkins ' The Selfish Gene.

Dawkins also cites the effect of an organism on the behaviour of another organism ( such as the devoted nurturing of a cuckoo by a parent of a different species ) as an example of the extended phenotype.

His first point is to argue that phyletic gradualism — understood in the sense that evolution proceeds at a single uniform rate of speed, called " constant speedism " by Dawkins — is a " caricature of Darwinism " and " does not really exist.

Dawkins also emphasizes that punctuated equilibrium has been " oversold by some journalists ", but partly due to Eldredge and Gould's " later writings ".

In a review of Full House, Richard Dawkins approved of Gould's general argument, but suggested that he saw evidence of a " tendency for lineages to improve cumulatively their adaptive fit to their particular way of life, by increasing the numbers of features which combine together in adaptive complexes.

* The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins

* A discussion by Richard Dawkins of nonsense in post-modernist literature

Professor Peter Dawkins is VU ’ s Vice-Chancellor and President, and the Victoria University Council is led by the Chancellor, Mr George Pappas.

Archaeological investigations were undertaken from 1859 to 1874 by William Boyd Dawkins, who moved to Somerset to study classics with the vicar of Wookey.

Books by Dawkins and Balch are now prized items amongst those with an interest in cave archaeology.

* The term memetics is first proposed by Richard Dawkins in his book The Selfish Gene.

Jerry Coyne, author of the book Why Evolution is True ( ISBN 0199230846 ) and its related blog, called for a boycott of the magazine, which was supported by prominent evolutionary biologists Richard Dawkins and P. Z. Myers.

In a simulation experiment Dawkins has his weasel program produce the Hamlet phrase METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL, starting from a randomly typed parent, by " breeding " subsequent generations and always choosing the closest match from progeny that are copies of the parent, with random mutations.

" Its willingness to engage positively with, and avoid taking sides against, religiously minded supporters of evolution has been noted by prominent historian of creationism Ronald L. Numbers and prominent atheist Richard Dawkins.

The Selfish Gene is a book on evolution by Richard Dawkins, published in 1976.

Dawkins coined the term " selfish gene " as a way of expressing the gene-centred view of evolution as opposed to the views focused on the organism and the group, popularizing ideas developed during the 1960s by W. D. Hamilton and others.

Ayer ’ s Language, Truth, and Logic ); Dawkins later noted he had been " flattered by the comparison, knew that Ayer had recanted much of his first book and could hardly miss Cain ’ s pointed implication that should, in the fullness of time, do the same.

Another criticism of the book, made by the philosopher Mary Midgley in her book Evolution as a Religion, is that it discusses philosophical and moral questions that go beyond the biological arguments that Dawkins makes.

It was accompanied by a festschrift entitled Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think.