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Deactivation of enzymes is also possible, although some types require extremely heavy doses of 10 Mrad or more.
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Some Related Sentences
Deactivation and is
; Deactivate: Deactivation is the inverse of activation, and refers to shutting down any executing components of a system.
Deactivation is often required to perform other deployment activities, e. g., a software system may need to be deactivated before an update can be performed.
Deactivation of the immune system is not desirable, since it has a positive effect on tumour necrosis.
Deactivation of these tags is therefore done with magnetization.
Deactivation for 8. 2 MHz label tags is achieved by detuning the circuit by partially destroying the capacitor.
Deactivation and .
Deactivation began at Davis-Monthan on 1 October 1982.
Deactivation includes conversion to less-active estrogens, such as estrone and estriol.
These included Hot-Fire tests of all 44 Reaction Control Systems jets, Flight control system checkout, SAREX stow, CPCG Stow, ASC-3 Deactivation, ORSEP Deactivation, stowage of all non-essential cabin items and Ku-Band antenna stow.
Flight Day 9 ( 2 / 11 / 94 ) operations included the powerup of all critical orbiter entry systems ( Group B powerup ), SAMS deactivation, CAPL Deactivation and De-Orbit preps.
The Flight Day 14 ( Thursday, 17 March 1994 ) plan called for a hot firing of the Reaction Control System ( RCS ) in preparation for the return flight, flight control system checkout, cabin stowage, SSBUV Deactivation, and a final run in the Lower Body Negative Pressure device for Gemar.
Deactivation typically occurs by free convective heat transfer to the ambient environment.
Deactivation of all Titan II ICBM systems began in July 1982 and was completed in June 1987.
The 1979 EPA evaluation of the Automotive Cylinder Deactivation System ( ACDS ), which allowed eight-cylinder engines to be run on four cylinders, found that carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions were increased beyond the legal limits of the emission standards then in force.
The Army held a Deactivation Ceremony in June 2010 signifying that all activities required for closure of the NECD had been successfully completed.
Inside the first automated area, called the Explosion Containment Room, explosive components are removed from the items and destroyed in a rotating kiln called the Deactivation Furnace System.
enzymes and is
Because of undesirable flavors, odors, colors, and generally low palatability associated with radiation treatment of this magnitude, the inactivation of enzymes is best accomplished prior to irradiation by the conventional heat-processing methods of blanching.
Partly because low-level heat treatment is needed to inactivate enzymes before radiosterilization, treated fresh meats have the appearance of boiled or canned meat.
Pyrrolysine is used by some methanogenic archaea in enzymes that they use to produce methane.
Before the actual process of cell death is precipitated by enzymes, apoptotic signals must cause regulatory proteins to initiate the apoptosis pathway.
However, although these enzymes can produce oxidants, the relative importance of the electron transfer chain to other processes that generate peroxide is unclear.
Selenium and zinc are commonly referred to as antioxidant nutrients, but these chemical elements have no antioxidant action themselves and are instead required for the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, as is discussed below.
It is still done by the same basic method of using malted grains ( containing enzymes ) to convert starch from grains into sugar and then adding specific yeasts to produce beer.
Another example is the using of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous / polluting chemicals.
B. subtilis is the first bacterium for which the role of an actin-like cytoskeleton in cell shape determination and peptidoglycan synthesis was identified, and for which the entire set of peptidoglycan-synthesizing enzymes was localised.
Lignin is insoluble, too large to pass through cell walls, too heterogeneous for specific enzymes, and toxic, so that few organisms other than Basidiomycetes fungi can degrade it.
Whereas transition metals sometimes attract most of the attention in the study of catalysis, small organic molecules without metals can also exhibit catalytic properties, as is apparent from the fact that many enzymes lack transition metals.
It is thought that this may be involved in development ; there is more methylation of lysine 27 in embryonic cells than in differentiated cells, whereas lysine 4 methylation positively regulates transcription by recruiting nucleosome remodeling enzymes and histone acetylases.
Another use of gene therapy is the introduction of enzymes into these cells that make them susceptible to particular chemotherapy agents ; studies with introducing thymidine kinase in gliomas, making them susceptible to aciclovir, are in their experimental stage.
After apolysis, moulting fluid is secreted into the space between the old cuticle and the epidermis ( the exuvial space ), this contains inactive enzymes which are activated only after the new epicuticle is secreted.
Sperm is killed and broken down by acid in the stomach and digestive enzymes in the small intestine.
* Histotoxic hypoxia in which quantity of oxygen reaching the cells is normal, but the cells are unable to use the oxygen effectively, due to disabled oxidative phosphorylation enzymes.
It is easily hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as myriad hemicellulase enzymes.
The primary reason for this is that the entire intracellular machinery ( enzymes, structural proteins, etc.
The invertase is one of these enzymes synthesized by the body of the insect.
Iron is also the metal used at the active site of many important redox enzymes dealing with cellular respiration and oxidation and reduction in plants and animals.
It is the heaviest essential element utilized widely by life in biological functions ( only tungsten, employed in enzymes by a few species of bacteria, is heavier ).
enzymes and also
IAP also normally suppresses the activity of a group of cysteine proteases called caspases, which carry out the degradation of the cell, therefore the actual degradation enzymes can be seen to be indirectly regulated by mitochondrial permeability.
Although oxidation reactions are crucial for life, they can also be damaging ; plants and animals maintain complex systems of multiple types of antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and various peroxidases.
: The 2br enzymes, with the letter " r " denoting reduced binding to clavulanic acid and sulbactam, are also called inhibitor-resistant TEM-derivative enzymes ; nevertheless, they are commonly still susceptible to tazobactam, except where an amino acid replacement exists at position met69.
: Subgroup 2e enzymes are cephalosporinases that can also hydrolyse monobactams, and they are inhibited by clavulanic acid
Most biocatalysts are protein-based, i. e. enzymes, but other classes of biomolecules also exhibit catalytic properties including ribozymes, and synthetic deoxyribozymes.
Plant cells walls also contain numerous enzymes, such as hydrolases, esterases, peroxidases, and transglycosylases, that cut, trim and cross-link wall polymers.
DDT may be directly genotoxic, but may also induce enzymes to produce other genotoxic intermediates and DNA adducts.
Synthetic molecules called artificial enzymes also display enzyme-like catalysis.
They also produce enzymes which break down lignin, which allows to them access to both cell contents and to the nitrogen in the lignin.
This process, while preserving the structural integrity of the cells and tissue can damage the biological functionality of proteins, particularly enzymes, and can also denature them to a certain extent.
Lactase ( also known as lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, or LPH ), a part of the β-galactosidase family of enzymes, is a glycoside hydrolase involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.
Other enzymes that may also produce mutagenic metabolites include glutathione S-transferase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase.
It also develops other enzymes, such as proteases, which break down the proteins in the grain into forms that can be used by yeast.
Many substances can also induce, inhibit or compete with these enzymes further affecting ( sometimes dangerously ) methadone half-life.
Nucleic acids are also generated within the laboratory, through the use of enzymes ( DNA and RNA polymerases ) and by solid-phase chemical synthesis.
They also form the enzymes that control chemical reactions throughout the body.
Niacinamide also inhibits poly ( ADP-ribose ) polymerases ( PARP-1 ), enzymes involved in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks induced by radiation or chemotherapy.
The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.
It is an accident of history that the enzymes responsible for the catalytic production of other biopolymers are not also referred to as polymerases.
They also contain approximately 10 % of the total activity of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is important for energy metabolism.
In higher plants, peroxisomes contain also a complex battery of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and the NADP-dehydrogenases of the pentose-phosphate pathway.
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