: Deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching ; soil erosion ; coastal marine pollution ; fisheries protection ; solid waste management ; air pollution

Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel ( sometimes in the form of charcoal ) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements.

Deforestation has also been used in war to deprive an enemy of cover for its forces and also vital resources.

Deforestation for oil palm plantation.

: Deforestation ( overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives ); contaminated water ( with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents ); wildlife conservation ; vehicular emissions ; High arsenic and microbiological levels in groundwater

Deforestation ( only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement )

Deforestation is a real problem as timber is cut for export.

Deforestation for clay extraction in Rio de Janeiro city-Brazil.

Deforestation has occurred for two reasons: ( a ) the storms, which have uprooted whole forests ; and, ( b ) the timber industry's limitless destruction of primeval forests all over the world, including the tropical rainforest.

Deforestation is the foremost threat for both Neofelis species.

Deforestation and the habitat destruction of deep-sea coral reef are two issues that prompt deep investigation of what makes for ecological health, and fuels a great many debates.

Deforestation and subsequent erosion, and overgrazing by sheep and goats, for whose benefit the scrub was periodically burnt over, impoverished the fauna and depopulated the islands, which were purchased by citizens of Murter during the late 19th century.

Deforestation of the spit due to overgrazing, timber harvesting, and building of boats for the siege of Königsberg in 1757 led to the dunes taking over the spit and burying entire villages.

Deforestation and associated erosion in the early 20th century resulted in a degraded habitat for wildlife.

Deforestation is reducing the number of these parrots in the wild together with illegal removal of young for the pet trade.

International policy has also introduced a market incentive program called Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ( REDD ) for companies and governments to outset their carbon emissions through financial investments into rainforest conservation.

To ensure that forests are high on the national political agenda and become an integral part in national development plans, CIFOR has also actively engaged in consultations with other ministries such as the Ministry of Finance, the National Development Planning Agency ( Bappenas ), the Coordinating Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Research and Technology, as well as providing major references for the President office ’ s climate change unit in developing policy related to forests, climate change, and REDD ( Reducing Emissions from ( avoided ) Deforestation and Forest Degradation ).

Deforestation is another concern for critics of the term eco-imperialism.

Deforestation, particularly in Brazil, Indonesia and parts of Africa, account for about 20 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions.

Deforestation can be avoided either by paying directly for forest preservation, or by using offset funds to provide substitutes for forest-based products.

* Deforestation, the deliberate clearance of woodland or forest for human development

Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use.

Organizations like the United Nations and the World Bank have started to create programs like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ( REDD ) that works especially with developing countries to use subsidies or other incentives to encourage citizens to use the forest in a more sustainable way.

* Deforestation in Brazil

The last batch of sawnwood from the Peat swamp forest | peat forest in Indragiri Hulu, Sumatra, Deforestation in Indonesia | Indonesia.

Deforestation in Borneo | Fires on Borneo and Sumatra, 2006.

Image: Fires and Deforestation on the Amazon Frontier, Rondonia, Brazil-August 12, 2007. jpg | Fires and Deforestation in the state of Rondônia.

Image: Fires and Deforestation on the Amazon Frontier, Rondonia, Brazil-September 30, 2007. jpg | One consequence of forest clearing in the Amazon: thick smoke that hangs over the forest.

Image: Fires and Deforestation on the Amazon Frontier, Rondonia, Brazil-August 12, 2007. jpg | Fires and Deforestation in the state of Rondônia.

Image: Fires and Deforestation on the Amazon Frontier, Rondonia, Brazil-September 30, 2007. jpg | One consequence of forest clearing in the Amazon: thick smoke that hangs over the forest.

deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest | Deforestation and increased road-building in the Amazon Rainforest are a significant concern because of increased human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and further threats to biodiversity.

Image: Fri_tree_cutting_tools. jpg | Tree Cutting / Deforestation Tools

Deforestation of Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro

* Rainforest Deforestation: The fertile tropical forests turn into infertile desert land.

Deforestation is a devastating process, with more than 8, 100 ha of forest being lost annually.

Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record.

Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography.

Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect.

But recent calculations suggest that carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation and forest degradation ( excluding peatland emissions ) contribute about 12 % of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions with a range from 6 to 17 %.< ref > Deforestation causes carbon dioxide to linger in the atmosphere.

Deforestation may cause carbon stores held in soil to be released.

Deforestation reduces the content of water in the soil and groundwater as well as atmospheric moisture.

Deforestation reduces soil cohesion, so that erosion, flooding and landslides ensue.

Deforestation also contributes to decreased evapotranspiration, which lessens atmospheric moisture which in some cases affects precipitation levels downwind from the deforested area, as water is not recycled to downwind forests, but is lost in runoff and returns directly to the oceans.

Deforestation generally increases rates of soil erosion, by increasing the amount of runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter.

Deforestation on a human scale results in decline in biodiversity.

Deforestation of Brazil's Atlantic Forest c. 1820-1825

Deforestation causes increased erosion rates due to exposure of mineral soil by removing the humus and litter layers from the soil surface, removing the vegetative cover that binds soil together, and causing heavy soil compaction from logging equipment.

As deforestation contributes to global warming, Greenpeace has demanded that REDD ( Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation ) should be included in the climate treaty following the Kyoto treaty.

Deforestation resulting from logging is especially rampant in Olancho Department.

Deforestation and the destruction of peatlands make Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases.