The Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping also began to reduce the PRC's support for revolutionary struggles abroad throughout this period so as to reduce the damage it caused to trade relations with the West.

Liu was also very close to Deng Xiaoping as his modernization efforts were very much in keeping with Deng's national policies.

In Beijing, Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping were once again the targets of criticism, but others also pointed at the wrongdoings of the Vice Premier, Tao Zhu.

On October 10, Deng Xiaoping personally wrote a letter to Hua asking to be transferred back to state and party affairs ; party elders also called for Deng's return.

Dittmer and Chen argue that the emphasis on politics made language a very effective form of propaganda, but “ also transformed it into a jargon of stereotypes — pompous, repetitive, and boring .” To distance itself from the era, Deng Xiaoping's government cut back heavily on the use of political slogans.

Maoism can also refer to the egalitarianism that was seen during Mao's era as opposed to the free-market ideology of Deng Xiaoping ; some scholars additionally define personality cults and political sloganeering as " Maoist " practices.

Deng also separated Mao from Maoism, making it clear that Mao was fallible and hence that the truth of Maoism comes from observing social consequences rather than by using Mao's quotations as holy writ, as was done in Mao's lifetime.

This group included such later prominent figures as Cai Hesen, Li Lisan, Chen Yi, Nie Rongzhen, Deng Xiaoping, and also Guo Longzhen, another member of the Awakening Society.

Other participants in the March also went on to become prominent party leaders, including Zhu De, Lin Biao, Liu Shaoqi, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Yang Shangkun, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping.

By the mid 1970s, Jiang Qing also spearheaded the campaign against Deng Xiaoping ( afterwards saying that this was inspired by Mao ).

The other two " Hus " were Hu Keshi, who was the second most senior member of the Communist Youth League, and Hu Qili, who was third most senior in the Communist Youth League and who had also become a close associate of Deng Xiaoping.

When Deng was temporarily recalled to Beijing, from 1973 – 1976, he also recalled Hu ; but, when Deng was purged again, in 1976, Hu was also purged.

Luol Deng was also selected as a reserve for the Eastern Conference.

Zhao also began to lose favour with paramount leader Deng Xiaoping.

In 2003, Jiang was also re-elected to the post of Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CPC, a post from which Deng Xiaoping was able to wield power from behind the scenes as ' paramount leader ', thus retaining military power.

Since mainland China's economic reforms led by Deng Xiaoping land reforms have also played a key role in the development of the People's Republic of China, with the re-emergence of rich property developers in urban areas ( though as in Hong Kong, land in China is not privately owned but leased from the state, typically on very long terms that allow substantial opportunity for private speculative gain ).

Within Communist China, Guangxi is also noted for the Baise Uprising, a failed Communist revolt led by Chen Zhaoli and Deng Xiaoping in 1929.

Deng also helped organize the 2008 Beijing Olympics as the executive president of the Beijing Organizing Committee.

Individuals can hold multiple top leadership titles but also be unable to claim to be the de facto ruler as was the case with Chairman Hua Guofeng, when " Paramount leader " Deng Xiaoping was present.

He is replaced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, which also marks the beginning of a major economic reform in the People's Republic of China.

Wei's basic theme in the essay is that democracy should be also be a modernization goal for China along with the other four proposed by Deng ( the four being: industry, agriculture, science and technology, and national defense ).

Li Ao strongly supports the idea of " One country, two systems " proposed by Deng Xiaoping.

CMC Chairman Deng Xiaoping proposed the imposition martial law and the use of armed soldiers to suppress unarmed demonstrations in Beijing.

As a part of the one country, two systems policy proposed by Deng Xiaoping and accepted by the British and Portuguese governments, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao retained separate border control and immigration policies with the rest of the PRC.

The socialist market economy is a concept first proposed by Deng Xiaoping in order to incorporate the market into the planned economy in the People's Republic of China, and later, to the Đổi Mới in Vietnam.

China's new leaders Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping both visited North Korea in 1978, although they failed to reach a common understanding on relations with the Soviet Union ( Beijing was not on friendly terms with Moscow during the 1970s, while Pyongyang continued its usual balancing act ).

Scholars outside China see this re-working of the definition of Maoism as providing an ideological justification for what they see as the restoration of the essentials of capitalism in China by Deng and his successors, who sought to " eradicate all ideological and physiological obstacles to economic reform ".

Deng, Zhou, and Liu all seem to have concluded that Mao's policies were irrational and so they would run things while using him as an empty symbol for the people to rally around.

From their failed attempts at defaming popular Premier Zhou Enlai, the Gang launched a media campaign against the emerging Deng Xiaoping, who they deemed to be a serious political challenge.

The economic reforms of Deng Xiaoping initially focused on the south coast of China, in Guangdong province, which soon left Jiangsu behind ; starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China.

Most other senior leaders, including Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, supported Peng's position before Mao began to attack it, indicating that they shared Peng's views and that they did not see Peng's letter as an attack on the Chairman.

Local Red Guards in Chengdu were not enthusiastic to follow these orders: they visited Peng's house on December 22, 1966 and attempted to intimidate Peng by informing him of the recent arrests of some of his friends and comrades, and of the imminent arrests of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.

Media controls were most relaxed during the 1980s under Deng Xiaoping, until they were tightened in the aftermath of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests.

For instance, they still remembered that after the Tiananmen Square massacre, he'd gone to China to thank Deng Xiaoping on behalf of East Berlin.

A log in Records of Three Kingdoms explains why Zhao Yun was defeated — the entry says " ( Zhao ) Yun and ( Deng ) Zhi's troops were weak, while the enemy was strong, so they lost at Ji Valley ( 雲 、 芝兵弱敵強 ， 失利於箕谷 ).

These leaders were also involved in the Chinese revolution, but with the exception of Deng Xiaoping, served in more junior roles, as they were all born from 1897 to 1921 ( that is, some were born after the demise of the Qing Empire in the Xinhai Revolution ).

Privately, Lin opposed the purging of Liu and Deng Xiaopeng, on the grounds that they were " good comrades ", but was not able to publicly oppose Mao's condemnation of them.

On June 2, Deng Zhiyu ( 鄧子瑜 ) and Chen Chuan ( 陳純 ) gathered some followers, and together, they seized Qing arms in the lake, from Huizhou.

Later, when Mao died and Deng Xiaoping began to reform the Chinese system, the Communist Party of New Zealand began to follow the lead of Enver Hoxha's Albania, which they considered to be the last truly Communist country in the world.

Quickly, Cao's associates, including Deng Yang ( 鄧颺 ), Li Sheng ( 李勝 ), He Yan ( 何晏 ), and Ding Mi ( 丁謐 ), who were known for their talents but lack of wisdom, all became powerful, and they excluded other officials who would not associate with them from positions of power.

The plan, however, had a fatal flaw — it assumed that Wei forces would siege the border cities, which, instead, Deng Ai and Zhong Hui ignored, and they advanced instead on Yang ' an Pass ( 陽安關 ; in present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi ), capturing it.

On January 1, 1979, Deng Xiaoping visited the USA for the first time and spoke to American president Jimmy Carter: " Children are not listening, it is time they be spanked.

The new emphasis on procedure, however, seemed largely undermined by Deng himself, who assumed none of the official titles on the grounds that they should go to younger men.

Unlike more conservative leaders such as Chen Yun, Deng did not object to policies on the grounds that they were similar to those found in capitalist nations.

These soldiers tried to rescue Deng Ai, but Wei Guan feared that they might take vengeance on him so he killed both Deng Ai and Deng Zhong.

Sima Zhao put Zhong Hui and Deng Ai in charge of the invasion forces ( even though Deng Ai initially opposed the campaign ), and they set out in spring 263.