Guangwu made Luoyang his capital in 25 CE, and by 27 CE his officers Deng Yu and Feng Yi had forced the Red Eyebrows to surrender and executed their leaders for treason.

In that year, when Li made his annual work report to the Politburo, he was forced to make over seventy changes in order to make the plans acceptable to Deng.

Dittmer and Chen argue that the emphasis on politics made language a very effective form of propaganda, but “ also transformed it into a jargon of stereotypes — pompous, repetitive, and boring .” To distance itself from the era, Deng Xiaoping's government cut back heavily on the use of political slogans.

By 1982 Hu's position made him the second most powerful person in China, after Deng Xiaoping.

After Deng refused to support some of Hu's reforms, Hu made private comments critical of Deng Xiaoping for his indecisiveness and " old-fashioned " way of thinking, opinions which Deng eventually became aware of.

The promotion of a conservative, Li Peng, to the position of Premier after Hu's departure from executive-level positions made the government less enthusiastic to pursue reform, and upset plans of an orderly succession of power from Deng Xiaoping to Hu.

Luol Deng was drafted by the Bulls in 2004, and made his first All-Star appearance with the team in 2012.

According to Zhao, Li Xiannian " hated me because I was implementing Deng Xiaoping's reforms, but since it was difficult for him to openly oppose Deng, he made me the target of the opposition.

Kirk Hinrich made the NBA All-Rookie Team in 2003-04, and the 2004-05 rookie class yielded four major contributors, Ben Gordon, Luol Deng, Chris Duhon and Andres Nocioni.

Once, Deng made fun of Liu by complaining that his partner's only shortcoming was being a dull man ; he spent all his time on reading and thinking except when he is commanding, without any entertainment at all.

In reality, there is no official record that Liu had made such outrageous request, or had any face-to-face conversations with Hua Guofeng either, or made any formal request to the Chinese regime to have his funeral held by Deng and his eulogy done by Deng.

He put Kou Xun in charge of the Henei ( modern northern Henan, north of the Yellow River ) region and made it the base for food and manpower supplies, while commissioning Deng with an expedition force to the modern Shaanxi region, waiting for the confrontation between Emperor Gengshi and Chimei.

According to Zhao, Li " hated me because I was implementing Deng Xiaoping's reforms, but since it was difficult for him to openly oppose Deng, he made me the target of his opposition.

Deng had insisted on supporting all of Hua's policies in one of the letters the two men exchanged, to which Hua responded that Deng had " made mistakes, and rightfully must continue to receive criticism.

Huo Guang's sons-in-law Fan Mingyou ( 范明友 ) and Deng Guanghan ( 鄧廣漢 ) were made high military commanders.

His three young sons Wei Kang ( 衛伉 ), Wei Buyi ( 衛不疑 ), and Wei Deng ( 衛登 ) were also made marquesses ( an offer later refused by Wei Qing ), as were seven generals under Wei's command.

Other such alteratons to the Chinese version of the book included the removal of controversial statements about the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping, who was still alive and in power of the People's Republic at the time of publication.

Administrative law in the People's Republic of China was virtually non-existent before the economic reform era initiated by Deng Xiaoping.

Deng Xiaoping was the Paramount Leader of China from 1978 to 1992, although he never became the head of the party or state, and his influence within the Party led the country to significant economic reforms.

The Communist Party's ideology was redefined under Deng Xiaoping to incorporate principles of market economics, and the corresponding reforms enabled rapid and sustained economic growth.

Following the death of Mao in 1976, however, the CPC under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping moved towards Socialism with Chinese characteristics and instituted Chinese economic reform.

Deng's vision for economic success and a new socialist market model became entrenched in the Party constitution in 1997 as Deng Xiaoping Theory.

Deng was instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward in the early 1960s.

* 1978 – The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform.

After Deng Xiaoping took power in 1978 greater autonomy has been given to provinces in terms of economic policy implementation as well as other areas of policy such as education and transportation.

Perestroika and Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms have similar origins but very different effects on their respective countries ' economies.

In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.

** The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform.

Perhaps realizing that opposition to capitalism would be poorly received by Deng and other Party elders, Li publicly supported Deng's economic reforms.

By the early 1960s, many of the Great Leap's economic policies were reversed by initiatives spearheaded by Liu, Deng, and Zhou Enlai.

By 1962, while Zhou, Liu and Deng managed affairs of state and the economy, Mao had effectively withdrawn from economic decision-making, and focused much of his time on further contemplating his contributions to Marxist-Leninist social theory, including the idea of " continuous revolution ".

The Gang of Four's heavy hand in political and media control however, did not prevent Deng from reinstating his economic policies.

Deng emphatically opposed Party factionalism, and his policies aimed to promote unity as the first step to restoring economic productivity.

By late 1975 however, Mao saw that Deng's economic restructuring might negate the legacy of the Cultural Revolution, and launched a campaign to oppose " rehabilitating the case for the rightists ", alluding to Deng as the country's foremost " rightist ".

Hua spearheaded what became known as the Two Whatevers, namely, “ Whatever policy originated from Chairman Mao, we must continue to support ,” and “ Whatever directions were given to us from Chairman Mao, we must continue to follow .” Like Deng, Hua wanted to reverse the damage of the Cultural Revolution ; but unlike Deng, who wanted to propose new economic models for China, Hua intended to move the Chinese economic and political system towards Soviet-style planning of the early 1950s.

Maoism fell into disfavour in China in 1978, when Deng Xiaoping started the Reform and Opening economic policies that introduced capitalist market principles.

Scholars outside China see this re-working of the definition of Maoism as providing an ideological justification for what they see as the restoration of the essentials of capitalism in China by Deng and his successors, who sought to " eradicate all ideological and physiological obstacles to economic reform ".

The Chinese New Left, which encompasses these Maoists and other postmodernists is a current within China that seeks to " revert China to the socialist road " – i. e., to return China to the socialist system that existed before Deng Xiaoping's reforms.

Having failed at their earlier attempt to conduct market-economy reforms such as those carried out in China by Deng Xiaoping, Kim opted for continued ideological purity.

Despite some optimistic talk in the foreign press the impetus of these reforms has not been followed with, for example, a large-scale decollectivization such as occurred in China under Deng.

For example, it is a common misconception that reforms under Deng Xiaoping resulted in the privatization of agricultural land and a creation of a land tenure system similar to those found in Western countries.

* Deng Xiaoping accelerates market reforms to establish a socialist market economy in the People's Republic of China.

With the start of the Deng Xiaoping reforms, the need for reconstructing a legal system to restrain abuses of official authority and revolutionary excesses was seen.

In the late 1970s, the Chinese leadership of Deng Xiaoping abandoned Maoist-style planned collectivist economics, and embraced market-oriented reforms.

The aftermath of the protests strengthened the power of orthodox Communist hardliners, and delayed further market reforms until Deng Xiaoping's 1992 southern tour.

Shortly after Mao's death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping started the capitalist reforms of the People's Republic of China ( PRC ) in 1978 beginning the radical change of Mao's ideology in the PRC.

Maoism has fallen out of favour within the Communist Party of China, beginning with Deng Xiaoping's reforms in 1978.

Throughout the 1980s Hu pursued a series of economic and political reforms under the direction of Deng.

Furthermore, the experiences of the East Asian Tigers and the Deng Xiaoping reforms after 1978 suggest that Mao's economic policy led to far poorer economic outcomes than a more decentralized approach.

Of those that remain, Mao's followers regard the Deng Xiaoping reforms to be a betrayal of Mao's legacy.

In order to correct the mistakes of the Great Leap Forward Liu and Deng led economic reforms, which bolstered their prestige among the party apparatus and the national populace. Once he said to Mao :" People write books about cannibalism!

Jiang was an ardent believer, during this period, in Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms.

Post Deng, China emerged from the reforms and the relative stability of the early 1990s, facing a myriad of economic and social problems.