For Drāupadī ( द ् र ौ पद ी), the daughter of King Dhrupad of Paanchal in the Mahābhārata ( मह ा भ ा रत ), aspirants had to hit a fish's eye with a bow and arrow.

: This article is about Dhrupad, the genre of Indian classical singing.

There is reference to Dhrupad in Bharat's Natya Shastra, commonly dated to the 1st Century AD, nor even in Sangit Ratnakar, a 13th Century text, taken as authoritative, despite common misinformation against it.

Dhrupad as we know it today is performed by a solo singer or a small number of singers in unison to the beat of the pakhavaj / mridang rather than the tabla.

Dhrupad is approaching extinction in Pakistan despite vocalists like Ustad Badar uz Zaman, Ustad Hafeez Khan and Ustad Afzal Khan have managed to keep this art form alive.

Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers.

Dhrupad music is primarily devotional in theme and content.

Dhrupad compositions begin with a relatively long and acyclic alap, where the syllables of the following mantra is recited:

Khyal is a Hindustani form of vocal music, adopted from medieval Persian music and based on Dhrupad.

The origination of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on Dhrupad and influenced by Persian music.

Credited with a large body of devotional compositions, especially in the Dhrupad style, he is also the founder of the Haridasi school of mysticism, still found today in North India.

This was followed in 2010 with a US Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Fellowship for the study of the Agra Gharana, the oldest and richest tradition of Hindustani vocal music with roots in Dhrupad of the fourteenth century.

Though trained also in the mediaeval Dhrupad genre, the uncle-nephew duo restricts its repertoire to the modern mainstream genre, Khayal, and the romanticist genres, Thumris, Dadra, and Ghazal.

Khyal and Dhrupad are its two main forms, but there are several other classical and semi-classical forms.

It has no fixed form: it may be as simple as a Mantra or Kirtan or as sophisticated as the Dhrupad or Kriti with music based on classical Ragas and Talas.

Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music until two centuries ago, when it gave way to the somewhat less austere khyal, a more free-form style of singing.

His father, Lal Chand Boral was a classical musician ( expert of Dhrupad ).

In a particularly memorable episode, the young Joshi worked as a servant at famous Bengali actor and Dhrupad vocalist Pahari Sanyal's house in Calcutta ( present day Kolkata ) on a Rs 5 a month wage, because he heard that the actor was very fond of music.

During the Vedic era Assam was introduced with Ragas and Dhrupad Shailee of the Indian Classical music.

During 1992-1993, under a Fulbright Research Grant, Beck studied Haveli Sangit and Samaj Gayan, two genres of devotional music allied with Dhrupad, from musicians in Vrindaban and Mathura.

The khyal of this period also acquired the dignity of Dhrupad and the manner of the veena in its glide or meend, plus a number of musical alankars that were introduced into the body of the composition.

The Dhrupad style, Sufi qawwali and the kirtan or song in the Haridasi tradition are related to bhajan.

Shri Prashant Kumar Mallick and Nishant Kumar Mallick ( Mallick brothers ) are Dhrupad vocalist among young generation of Darbhanga tradition.

The gharana system in khyal was rooted in the guru-shishya tradition and was similar to the Dhrupad Bani system.

Dagar brothers, the noted exponents of the Dhrupad style, were born in Indore.

Dhrupad styles have long elaborate alaps, their slow and deliberate melodic development gradually bringing an accelerating rhythmic pulse.

Dhrupad singers include the senior and junior Dagar Brothers and Gundecha Brothers.

As for the Dhrupad style of singing, this was formalized essentially through the practice by composers like Tansen and Haridas, as well as others like Baiju Bawra who may have been a contemporary.

** Aabhog: The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.

Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers, Nasir Moinuddin and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar ; the junior Dagar brothers, Nasir Zahiruddin and Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar ; and Wasifuddin, Fariduddin, and Sayeeduddin Dagar.

Khan amalgamated the best of four traditions: his own Patiala-Kasur style, the Behram Khani elements of Dhrupad, the gyrations of Jaipur, and the behlavas ( embellishments ) of Gwalior.

The mountain's name is ध ौ ल ा ग ि र ी ( dhaulāgirī ) or धवल ा ग ि र ी ( dhawalāgirī ) in Hindi and Nepali.

* Hindi – सर ् व ा ध ि क ा र स ु रक ् ष ि त.

Vidhu Vinod Chopra ( Punjabi: ਵ ਿ ਧ ੁ ਵ ਿ ਨ ੋ ਦ ਚ ੋ ਪਰ ਾ, Hindi: व ि ध ु व ि न ो द च ो पड ़ा) ( born on 5 September 1952 ) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer.

In India, it is known as lauki ( ल ौ क ी / લ ૌ ક ી), dudhi ( द ू द ी / દ ૂ દ ી) or ghiya ( घ ी य ा / ઘ ી ય ા) in Hindi / Urdu / Gujarati ; Laau ( ଲ ା ଉ ) in Oriya ; aal ( आल ) in Marwari ; churakka ( ച ു രക ് ക ) in Malayalam ; jatilao in Assamese ; lau ( ল া উ ) in Bengali ; sorakaaya ( స ొ ర క ా య ) or anapakaya in Telugu ; dudhi-Bhopala ( द ु ध ी भ ो पळ ा) in Marathi ; sorekayi in Kannada ; sajmain in Maithili and suraikkaai ( ச ு ர ை க ் க ா ய ் colloquilly sorakkay ) in Tamil.

Halayudha ( Hindi: हल ा य ु ध ) was a 10th century Indian mathematician who wrote the, a commentary on Pingala's Chandah-shastra, containing a clear description of Pascal's triangle ( called meru-prastaara ).

Rajnigandha ( रजन ी गन ् ध ा) is a Hindi movie directed by Basu Chatterjee and released in 1974.

Dhoby Ghaut or Dhobi Ghat ( ध ो ब ी घ ा ट ) literally means washing place in Hindi, from dhobi " washerman " or one that does laundry and ghat, generically meaning a large open space.

Balraj Sahni ( Punjabi: ਬਲਰ ਾ ਜ ਸ ਾ ਹਨ ੀ Hindi: बलर ा ज स ा हन ी) ( 1 May 1913 – 13 April 1973 ), born Yudhishthir Sahni ( Hindi: य ु ध ि ष ् ठ ि र स ा हन ी), was a famous Hindi film actor.

West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education ( Hindi: पश ् च ि मब ं ग ा ल उच ् च म ा ध ् यम ि क श ि क ् ष ा पर ि षद ) is the West Bengal state government administered autonomous examining authority for the Standard 12 examination ( or Higher secondary level or Pre-university level examination ) of West Bengal, India.

The examination for the 12th standard is called the Uchyaa Madhyamik ( Hindi: उच ् च म ा ध ् यम ि क ) or Higher Secondary examination ( Also known by its acronym H. S.

Sadhu Sundar Singh ( Punjabi: ਸ ਾ ਧ ੂ ਸ ੁੰ ਦਰ ਸ ਿੰ ਘ, Urdu: سادھ ُ و س ُ ندر سنگھ ; Hindi: स ा ध ु स ु न ् दर स िं ह ) ( September 3, 1889, Patiala State, India ) was an Indian Christian missionary.