has questioned some of Diaconis ' results, concluding that six shuffles are enough.

The outcome of coin flipping has been studied by Persi Diaconis and his collaborators.

D. Aldous and P. Diaconis suggest defining 9 or fewer piles as a winning outcome for, which has approximately 5 % chance to happen.

The name " mathemagician " was probably first applied to Martin Gardner, but has since been used to describe many mathematician / magicians, including Arthur T. Benjamin, Persi Diaconis ,< ref > Albers, and Donald J.

Diaconis has suggested that the reason so many mathematicians are magicians is that " inventing a magic trick and inventing a theorem are very similar activities.

Bayer wrote a paper with Persi Diaconis, who has an Erdős number of 1 due to a jointly authored 1977 Stanford University technical report, later published in a 2004 compilation.

Diaconis himself has an Erdős – Bacon number of 5, and Bacon number of 4.

A famous paper by mathematician and magician Persi Diaconis and mathematician Dave Bayer on the number of shuffles needed to randomize a deck concluded that the deck did not start to become random until five good riffle shuffles, and was truly random after seven, in the precise sense of variation distance described in Markov chain mixing time ; of course, you would need more shuffles if your shuffling technique is poor.

Diaconis used a very sensitive test of randomness, and therefore needed to shuffle more.

Later in the eighties and nineties Freedman and Persi Diaconis continued to work on the case of infinite countable probability spaces.

Professor Diaconis received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982, and in 1992 published ( with Dave Bayer ) a paper entitled " Trailing the Dovetail Shuffle to Its Lair " ( a term coined by magician Charles Jordan in the early 1900s ) which established rigorous results on how many times a deck of playing cards must be riffle shuffled before it can be considered random according to the mathematical measure total variation distance.

Diaconis left home at 14 to travel with sleight-of-hand legend Dai Vernon, and dropped out of high school, promising himself that he would return one day so that he could learn all of the math necessary to read William Feller's famous two-volume treatise on probability theory, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications.

According to Martin Gardner, at school Diaconis supported himself by playing poker on ships between New York and South America.

A widely reported, but unpublished, study by Persi Diaconis and Susan Holmes in 2000 resulted in the redesign of many shuffling machines.

In studying coin flipping, to observe the rotation speed of coin flips, Diaconis first used a strobe light and a coin with one side painted black, the other white, so that when the speed of the strobe flash equaled the rotation rate of the coin, it would appear to always show the same side.

Diaconis released a response indicating that you only need four shuffles for un-suited games such as blackjack.

Persi Warren Diaconis ( born January 31, 1945, New York City, New York ) is an American mathematician and former professional magician.

Diaconis is often cited for the simplified proposition that it takes seven shuffles to randomize a deck.

More precisely, Diaconis showed that it takes 5 shuffles before the total variation distance of a 52-card deck begins to drop significantly from the maximum value of 1. 0, and 7 shuffles before it drops below 0. 5 very quickly ( a threshold phenomenon ), after which it is reduced by a factor of 2 every shuffle.

Diaconis is married to Stanford statistics professor Susan Holmes.

* Diaconis, Persi, " The Markov chain Monte Carlo revolution ", Bull.

* Diaconis, P. ( 1985 ) " Theories of data analysis: from magical thinking through classical statistics ", in

There he mentored numerous well-known magicians including Ricky Jay, Persi Diaconis, Doug Henning, Larry Jennings, Michael Ammar and John Carney.

In statistics, the Freedman – Diaconis rule, named after David A. Freedman and Persi Diaconis, can be used to select the size of the bins to be used in a histogram.

Edward O. Wilson, a prominent biologist and conservationist, coauthored The Theory of Island Biogeography and helped to start much of the research that has been done on this topic since the work of Watson and Wallace almost a century before.

She coauthored the play Love, Loss, and What I Wore ( based on the book by Ilene Beckerman ) with her sister, Delia and it has played to sold out audiences in Canada, New York City, and The Geffen Playhouse in California.

Woodward has authored or coauthored 16 non-fiction books in the last 35 years.

A prolific author with unusually diverse teaching and research interests, Lucas has written on the philosophy of mathematics, especially the implications of Gödel's incompleteness theorem, the philosophy of mind, free will and determinism, the philosophy of science including two books on physics coauthored with Peter E. Hodgson, causality, political philosophy, ethics and business ethics, and the philosophy of religion.

" He has also coauthored numerous other songs with the band.

He has authored or coauthored more than 400 peer-reviewed publications, along with a number of solicited reviews, book chapters and popular press releases.

He has recently coauthored a series of papers on the Ponzano-Regge model, a spin foam model of 3-dimensional Riemannian quantum gravity, in which he explains how point particles naturally arise in this theory.

Mr. Lorenc has coauthored a book entitled " What is Exhibition Design " used in many universities and translated into Polish, Russian, Chinese, and Korean.

Since 1974 he has taught a practical course in electronics whose lecture notes became one of the best known textbooks in the field: The Art of Electronics ( coauthored with Winfield Hill ).

He is well known for contributions to embodied philosophy, cognitive science and cognitive linguistics, some of which he has coauthored with George Lakoff such as Metaphors We Live By.

He has coauthored a paper with Wesley Elsberry demonstrating problems with Dembski's mathematical work, and would have appeared as a witness opposing Dembski in the Kitzmiller v. Dover trial had Dembski not dropped out.

He has also authored or coauthored several books and articles, including a highly acclaimed commentary on Philippians ; Invitation to the Septuagint ( with Karen Jobes ); God, Language, and Scripture ; Has the Church Misread the Bible?

He has been widely published in newspapers and magazines across the world, and has authored, coauthored and edited more than a dozen books.

Serrano has consistently supported initiatives to resolve Puerto Rico's political status problem, including the 1998 Young bill, which he coauthored, and the December 22, 2005 report of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status, which recommends that Congress provide an opportunity for residents in Puerto Rico to vote for or against its current status, which the report describes as an unincorporated U. S. territory and Serrano describes as a U. S. colony.

McEvoy has authored or coauthored over a dozen books on poker with other players such as T. J. Cloutier, Brad Daugherty, Don Vines, Dag Palovic and Max Stern.

He delivers keynotes and seminars at international events, and his work has been featured in major publications, including Business Week, Fortune, and The Wall Street Journal ( Morville, Ambient Findability ). Peter is best known as a founding father of information architecture, having coauthored the field's best-selling book, '" Information Architecture for the World Wide Web "' ( ISBN 978-0596527341, AKA " the Polar Bear Book ") ( Morville, Ambient Findability ).

He has authored or coauthored more than 260 articles, 45 chapters and eight books and has edited seven books.

Yourdon has authored over 550 technical articles and authored or coauthored 26 computer books since 1967.

He has published several books, including the first on the use of Photoshop ( The Official Adobe Photoshop Handbook, coauthored with David Biedny ), and is also an accomplished lecturer.

He has authored / coauthored over 50 research papers and two books.

His monograph Tilings and Patterns, coauthored with G. C. Shephard, helped to rejuvenate interest in this classic field, and has proved popular with nonmathematical audiences as well as with mathematicians.

Damon coauthored, with Gardner and Csikszentmihalyi, Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet ( 2001 ) and has written books on business and philanthropy based on the project ( The Moral Advantage and Taking Philanthropy Seriously, in 2004 and 2006 ).