Later research, using Digitalis purpurea, showed that his results were largely in line with Mendelian theory.

Digitalis is an example of a drug derived from a plant that was formerly used by folklorists and herbalists ; herbalists have largely abandoned its use because of its narrow therapeutic index and the difficulty of determining the amount of active drug in herbal preparations.

Withering first learned of the use of Digitalis in " cardiac ( congestive heart failure ) from an old woman who practiced as a folk herbalist in Shropshire, who used the plant as part of a polyherbal formulation containing over 20 different ingredients to successfully treat this condition.

Digoxin is a purified cardiac glycoside that is extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata.

Examples of drug compounds isolated from crude preparations are morphine, the active agent in opium, and digoxin, a heart stimulant originating from Digitalis lanata.

* As yet untitled cassette ( Digitalis Limited ) ( originally intended for a 2009 / 2010 release, now potentially never to be released following the removal of any mention of the tape from the Digitalis Limited website )

Withering deduced that Digitalis was the " active " ingredient in the formulation, and over the ensuing nine years he carefully tried out different preparations of various parts of the plant ( collected in different seasons ) and documented 156 cases where he had employed digitalis, and described the effects and the best-and safest-way of using it.

Digitalis causes an increased intracellular concentration of sodium, which in turn increases intracellular calcium by passively decreasing the action of the sodium-calcium exchanger in the sarcolemma.

Symptoms of Digitalis poisoning include a low pulse rate, nausea, vomiting, and uncoordinated contractions of different parts of the heart, leading to cardiac arrest and finally death.

) and electronic music into a singular musical mix (" Heavy Electronic Pacific Rock " on Digitalis Industries, " Collected Works " on Porter Records ).

These belong to the same chemical family as similar chemicals found in foxgloves ( Digitalis purpurea ).

However other alcohol groups such as 1-octanol are being researched to provide relief from essential tremor without providing the intoxication or toxicity that ethanol does.

It is also known as oxygen toxicity syndrome, oxygen intoxication, and oxygen poisoning.

Quinidine intoxication can lead to a collection of symptoms collectively known as cinchonism, with tinnitus ( ringing in the ears ) being among the most characteristic and common symptoms of this toxicity syndrome.

However, they are much less toxic than their predecessors, the barbiturates, and death rarely results when a benzodiazepine is the only drug taken ; however, when combined with other central nervous system depressants such as alcohol and opiates, the potential for toxicity and fatal overdose increases.

As a measure of toxicity, LD < sub > 50 </ sub > is somewhat unreliable and results may vary greatly between testing facilities due to factors such as the genetic characteristics of the sample population, animal species tested, environmental factors and mode of administration.

The toxicity studies of the plant have received controversial results.

In the light of these results compounds of scandium should be handled as compounds of moderate toxicity.

Note that two natural products were already known with this imidazole riboside structure: substitution at the 5 ' carbon with OH results in pyrazomycin / pyrazofurin, an antibiotic with antiviral properties but unacceptable toxicity, and replacement with an amino group results in the natural purine synthetic precursor 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside ( AICAR ), which has only modest antiviral properties.

Nature reported that most animal tests either over-or underestimate risk, or do not reflect toxicity in humans particularly well, with false positive results being a particular problem.

Too high a concentration of oxygen results in hyperoxia, leading to oxygen toxicity, a condition causing convulsions which can make the diver lose the mouthpiece when they occur underwater, and can lead to drowning.

Chronic consumption of alcohol results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-alpha, IL6 and IL8 ), oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and acetaldehyde toxicity.

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity results in damage to the lungs, causing pain and difficulty in breathing.

A sophisticated ozone water treatment system is employed that results in lower levels of irritants and reduced toxicity compared with traditional methods of treatment.

High doses of temozolomide in high-grade gliomas yield low toxicity, but the results are comparable to the standard doses.

Direct toxicity results from a toxicant acting at the site of action in or on the organism.

The results of this study and others like it showed that BZP can cause unpredictable and serious toxicity in some individuals, but the data and dosage collection were reliant on self reporting by drug users, which may result in under-reporting, and there were complicating factors like the frequent presence of alcohol and other drugs.

At the same time, clinical test results shows little evidence for toxicity, while culinary use of glutamates is widespread.

For example ADMET ( absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity ), efficacy testing, and medical research where results from animal-based research are assumed predictive for humans.

Ingestion of legumes containing the toxin results mostly from ignorance of their toxicity and usually occurs where the despair of poverty and malnutrition leaves few other food options.

Recent results suggest that the CAG repeats need not always be translated in order to cause toxicity.

Excess calcium from supplements, fortified food and high-calcium diets, can cause milk-alkali syndrome, which has serious toxicity and can be fatal.

Harmful and lethal toxicity from chemotherapy limits the dosage of chemotherapy that can be given.

For example, boric acid was widely used as a food preservative from the 1870s to the 1920s, but was banned after World War I due to its toxicity, as demonstrated in animal and human studies.

In addition, due to the ability of mushrooms to absorb heavy metals, including those that are radioactive, European mushrooms may, to date, include toxicity from the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and continue to be studied.

* In a mice study, scientists from Rice University and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reported enhanced effectiveness and reduced toxicity of an existing treatment for head and neck cancer when using the nanoparticles to deliver the drug.

Because of the scarcity, high radioactivity and high toxicity, there are currently no uses for protactinium outside of scientific research, and for this purpose, protactinium is mostly extracted from spent nuclear fuel.

This hypothesis is supported by the observation that yeast models of Parkinson's are more susceptible to toxicity from α-synuclein, the major protein component of Lewy bodies, under conditions of low proteasome activity.

A number of the second -, third -, and fourth-generation drugs have been removed from clinical practice due to severe toxicity issues or discontinued by their manufacturers.

Phosphorus and antimony oxides and their reaction products can be formed from some fire retardant additives, increasing smoke toxicity and corrosivity.

However, Solanaceae species are often rich in alkaloids whose toxicity to humans and animals ranges from mildly irritating to fatal in small quantities.

Although allergic reaction from supplementation is possible, no known toxicity is associated with high doses of the phylloquinone ( vitamin K < sub > 1 </ sub >) or menaquinone ( vitamin K < sub > 2 </ sub >) forms of vitamin K, so no tolerable upper intake level ( UL ) has been set.

* WALL-E, the 2008 Pixar film in which a distress signal is sent from Earth to all autopilots in 2110 saying that Earth's rising toxicity levels has made life unsustainable and that all the starliners should remain in space.

Though some of the more highly exposed workers showed evidence of short-term kidney damage ( e. g., protein in the urine ), none of these workers had lasting kidney toxicity from the uranium exposure.

Frogs ' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators.

Other dioxin congeners including PCDFs and PCBs with dioxin-like toxicity, are given a toxicity rating from 0 to 1, where TCDD = 1 ( see Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds ).

In this case the dioxin toxicity was found to be mostly due to dioxin-like polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls, and the contribution from actual polychlorinated dibenzodioxins was relatively low.

The analyses used to determine these compounds ’ relative toxicity share common elements that differ from methods used for more traditional analytical determinations.

In addition to acute toxicity from high exposure levels, there is concern of possible carcinogenicity, as well as other long-term problems, such as contributing to Parkinson's disease.

Many ecological effects can arise from stimulating primary production, but there are three particularly troubling ecological impacts: decreased biodiversity, changes in species composition and dominance, and toxicity effects.

Regardless of the origin of the toxicity, L-tryptophan was banned from sale in the US in 1991 ; and other countries followed suit.

Genetic inactivation (" knockout ") of SOD produces deleterious phenotypes in organisms ranging from bacteria to mice and have provided important clues as to the mechanisms of toxicity of superoxide in vivo.

One death has been reported in the medical literature which the authors felt was due to silver toxicity resulting from repeated oral ingestion of colloidal silver.