Petrarch was moved to defend Celestine vigorously against the accusation of cowardice and some modern scholars ( e. g., Mark Musa ) have suggested Dante may have meant someone else ( Esau, Diocletian and Pontius Pilate have been variously suggested ).

Diocletian also moved parts of today's Slovenia out of Pannonia and incorporated them in Noricum.

An obelisk which Apries erected at Sais was moved by the 3rd century AD Roman Emperor Diocletian and originally placed at the Temple of Isis in Rome.

Carausius fled the Continent, proclaimed himself Augustus, and spurred Britain and northwestern Gaul into open revolt against Maximian and Diocletian.

According to Lactantius, Diocletian and Galerius entered into an argument over imperial policy towards Christians while wintering at Nicomedia in 302.

Diocletian made requisition into tax.

Without the guiding hand of Diocletian, the Empire fell into civil wars.

When the governing of the Empire became too cumbersome for a single Emperor, the empire was divided by the emperor Diocletian into the Western and Eastern empires.

The Emperor Diocletian ( r. 284 – 305 ) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286 ; however, the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.

He also turned the Baths of Diocletian into a granary in 1575.

The district called Dardania ( within Moesia Superior ) was formed into a special province by Diocletian, with the capital at Naissus.

The two emperor system originally established by Diocletian in the previous century fell into regular practice, and the east continued to grow in importance as a centre of trade and imperial power, while Rome itself diminished greatly in importance due to its location far from potential trouble spots, like Central Europe and the East.

These reforms were finally realized late in the century under the reign of Diocletian, one of them being to divide the empire into an eastern and western half, and have a separate ruler for each.

Sometime before 300 AD, Diocletian further divided Thracia into four smaller provinces.

Galerius crosses the Euphrates into Syria to join Diocletian at Antioch.

Thermal, or Diocletian, windows are large semicircular windows ( or niches ) which are usually divided into three lights ( window compartments ) by two mullions.

When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis ( at the banks of the Danube ) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of Dacia Mediterranea.

Under Diocletian ( 245 – 313 ), Noricum was divided into Noricum ripense (" Noricum along the river ", the northern part southward from the Danube ), and Noricum mediterraneum (" landlocked Noricum ", the southern, more mountainous district ).

In 286, Diocletian elevated a military colleague, Maximian, to the throne as co-emperor of the western provinces, while Diocletian took over the eastern provinces, beginning the process that would eventually see the division of the Roman Empire into two halves, a Western and an Eastern portion.

Diocletian divided the administration of the Roman Empire into two halves, a Western and an Eastern portion.

Prefecture most commonly refers to a self-governing body or area since the tetrarchy when Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into four districts ( each divided into dioceses, grouped under a Vicarius ( a number of Roman provinces, listed under that article ), although he maintained two pretorian prefectures as an administrative level above the also surviving dioceses ( a few of which were split ).

Together with Diocletian, he launched a scorched earth campaign deep into Alamannic territory in 288, temporarily relieving the Rhine provinces from the threat of Germanic invasion.

The district called Dardania ( in Upper Moesia ), was formed into a special province by Diocletian, with the capital at Naissus or Nissa ( modern Niš ).

Diocletian later renamed Moesia Superior ( less Dacia Aureliana ) as Moesia Prima, and divided Moesia Inferior ( less its westernmost portions ) into Moesia Secunda and Scythia Minor.

In 297, as Emperor Diocletian reformed the administrative structures of the Roman Empire, Aquitania was split into three provinces.

Diocletian left Africa quickly after the treaty, moving from Upper Egypt in September 298 to Syria in February 299.

It is unclear if Diocletian was present to assist the campaign ; he might have returned to Egypt or Syria.

In AD 296, Diocletian decreed against the Manichaeans: " We order that their organizers and leaders be subject to the final penalties and condemned to the fire with their abominable scriptures ", resulting in many martyrdoms in Egypt and North Africa ( see Diocletian Persecution ).

Similarly, Constantius defeated the British usurper Allectus, Maximian pacified the Gauls, and Diocletian crushed the revolt of Domitianus in Egypt.

* Emperor Diocletian goes with the young Constantine I the Great ( later the first Christian Roman Emperor ) on his staff to Egypt.

For two years he rules over Egypt, but in the end the rebellion is crushed by Emperor Diocletian.

Coptic years are counted from 284, the year Diocletian became Roman Emperor, whose reign was marked by tortures and mass executions of Christians, especially in Egypt.

The first is that the Greek and Latin legends of Saint Christopher identify him as belonging to the Third Valerian Cohort of the Marmantae ( Latin: Cohors tertia Valeria, at Marmantarum ), a military unit of Northern Africa of Marmarica ( between modern day Libya and Egypt ), recruited by none other than the Emperor Diocletian.

The background to the dog-headed Christopher is laid in the reign of the Emperor Diocletian, when a man named Reprebus, Rebrebus or Reprobus ( the " reprobate " or " scoundrel ") was captured in combat against tribes dwelling to the west of Egypt in Cyrenaica.

The coinage system that existed in Egypt until the time of Diocletian ’ s monetary reform was a closed system based upon the heavily debased tetradrachm.

The background to the dog-headed Christopher is laid in the reign of the Emperor Diocletian, when a man named Reprebus, Rebrebus or Reprobus ( the " reprobate " or " scoundrel ") was captured in combat against tribes dwelling to the west of Egypt in Cyrenaica.

The nomes of Egypt retained their primary importance as administrative units until the fundamental rearrangement of the bureaucracy during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine.

Egypt had many martyrs in the persecution of Diocletian, among others St. Athanasia with her three daughters, and St. Cyrus and John.

Since it was Galerius's army that would have been purged — Diocletian had left his in Egypt to quell continuing unrest — Antiochenes would understandably have believed Galerius to be its instigator.

On March 31, 302, in a rescript from Alexandria, Diocletian, after consultation with the proconsul for Egypt, ordered that the leading Manicheans be burnt alive along with their scriptures.

* 286 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.

The title was also claimed by Carus ' other surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus.

At some time in 285 at Mediolanum ( Milan, Italy ), Diocletian raised his fellow-officer Maximian to the office of Caesar, making him co-emperor.

Some historians state that Diocletian, like some emperors before him, adopted Maximian as his filius Augusti, his " Augustan son ", upon his appointment to the throne.

Diocletian's stay in the East saw diplomatic success in the conflict with Persia: in 287, Bahram II granted him precious gifts, declared open friendship with the Empire, and invited Diocletian to visit him.

Diocletian publicly humiliated Galerius, forcing him to walk for a mile at the head of the Imperial caravan, still clad in the purple robes of the Emperor.

Diocletian soon grew impatient with the city, as the Romans acted towards him with what Edward Gibbon, following Lactantius, calls " licentious familiarity ".

Afterward, the persecutions under Diocletian and Galerius directed his attention to the martyrs of his own time and the past, and this led him to the history of the whole Church and finally to the history of the world, which, to him, was only a preparation for ecclesiastical history.

Nothing is known of him or of the date at which he lived ; the times of Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, the beginning of the 3rd century, and the age of Diocletian and Constantine have all been suggested.

* April 1 – Emperor Diocletian elevates his friend Maximian to co-emperor, giving him the title Augustus.

Christian tradition makes him a native of the Dalmatian city of Salona, today Solin near Split, the son of a man also named Caius, and a member of a noble family related to the Emperor Diocletian.

In another account, the battle is represented as having resulted in a complete victory for Diocletian, for Carinus ' army deserted him.

On his arrival at Antioch, Galerius was rebuked by Diocletian who disgraced him for his shameful defeat at the hands of Narses.

He issued the first proper silver coins that had appeared in the Roman Empire for generations, knowing that good quality bullion coinage would enhance his legitimacy and make him look more successful than Diocletian and Maximian.

Whereas before emperors had worn only a purple toga ( toga purpura ) and been greeted with deference, Diocletian wore jewelled robes and shoes, and required those who greeted him to kneel ( proskynesis ) and kiss the hem of his robe ( adoratio ).

Diocletian established the Tetrarchy, a system by which the Roman Empire was divided into East and West, with each having an Augustus to rule over it and a Caesar to assist him.

Diocletian reproached Sebastian for his supposed betrayal, and he commanded him to be led to a field and there to be bound to a stake to be shot at.

Sebastian then stood on a step and harangued Diocletian as he passed by ; the emperor had him beaten to death and his body thrown into a privy.

Diocletian characterizes the emperor as an interchangeable authority figure by depicting him with a generalized image.

Jacobus de Voragine in the Golden Legend credited him as a bishop at Formia over all the Italian Campania, as a hermit on Mount Lebanon, and a martyr in the persecutions under Eastern Roman Emperor Diocletian.

Diocletian had him thrown in another pit, but an angel came and slew all the vipers and worms.