Between 1424 and 1433 he worked on the translation of the Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius, which came to be widely circulated in manuscript form and was published at Rome in 1472 ( the first printed edition of the Lives ; the Greek text was printed only in 1533 ).

** Diogenes Laërtius, Vitae philosophorum ( Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers )

The main source for the life of Heraclitus is Diogenes Laërtius, although some have questioned the validity of his account as " a tissue of Hellenistic anecdotes, most of them obviously fabricated on the basis of statements in the preserved fragments.

Timon of Phlius calls him " the riddler " ( ainiktēs ) according to Diogenes Laërtius, who had just explained that Heraclitus wrote his book " rather unclearly " ( asaphesteron ) so that only the " capable " should attempt it.

Diogenes Laërtius ascribes to Theophrastus the theory that Heraclitus did not complete some of his works because of melancholia.

The knowledge we have of them derives from accounts of later philosophical writers ( especially Aristotle, Plutarch, Diogenes Laërtius, Stobaeus and Simplicius ), and some early theologians, ( especially Clement of Alexandria and Hippolytus of Rome ).

Most of the details known about his life come from the anecdotes preserved by Diogenes Laërtius in his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers.

Diogenes Laërtius has preserved many clever and witty remarks by Zeno, the veracity of which cannot be ascertained.

According to Persaeus ( Diogenes Laërtius vii.

A plausible chronology for his life is as follows: He was born 334 / 3 BC, and came to Athens in 312 / 11 BC at the age of 22 ( Diogenes Laërtius, vii.

He studied philosophy for about 10 years ( Diogenes Laërtius, vii.

Diogenes Laërtius gives two different accounts of his death.

Around 387 BC, at the age of 23, he traveled with the physician Theomedon, who according to Diogenes Laërtius some believed was his lover, to Athens to study with the followers of Socrates.

Diogenes Laërtius, however, wrote that Protagoras invented the “ Socratic ” method.

But most modern scholars, following the suggestion of Diogenes Laërtius, consider them to be forgeries, some forged by the philosopher Heraclides Ponticus, others by or altered by Christian writers:

Diogenes Laërtius preserves several different accounts of this story ; one of them has Crates giving his money away to the citizens of Thebes, apparently after seeing the beggar king Telephus in a tragedy ; whereas another account has him placing his money in the hands of a banker, with the agreement that he should deliver it to his sons, unless they too became philosophers, in which case he should distribute it among the poor.

Crates wrote a book of letters on philosophical subjects, the style of which is compared by Diogenes Laërtius to that of Plato ; but these no longer survive.

* Diogenes Laërtius ( between 200 – 500 CE ), historian

* Diogenes Laërtius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, translated by Charles Duke Yonge ( 1853 ) ( Uses a different method of enumerating the sections from the modern editions.

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Diogenes Laërtius says that his works filled ten volumes, but of these, only fragments remain.

Most of the biographical information we have of Theophrastus was provided by Diogenes Laërtius ' Lives of the Philosophers, written more than four hundred years after Theophrastus ' time.

From the lists of Diogenes Laërtius, giving 227 titles, it appears that the activity of Theophrastus extended over the whole field of contemporary knowledge.

Led by a pretender claiming to be Constantine Diogenes, a long-dead son of the Emperor Romanos IV, the Cumans crossed the mountains and raided into eastern Thrace until their leader was eliminated at Adrianople.

Diogenes states that Heraclitus ' work was " a continuous treatise On Nature, but was divided into three discourses, one on the universe, another on politics, and a third on theology.

As Diogenes explains: All things come into being by conflict of opposites, and the sum of things ( τὰ ὅλα ta hola, " the whole ") flows like a stream.

Diogenes relates a legend that Zeno was a merchant and that after surviving a shipwreck, Zeno wandered into a bookshop in Athens and was attracted to some writings about Socrates.

After being captured by pirates and sold into slavery, Diogenes eventually settled in Corinth.

It seems likely that Diogenes was also enrolled into the banking business aiding his father.

When Plato gave Socrates ' definition of man as " featherless bipeds " and was much praised for the definition, Diogenes plucked a chicken and brought it into Plato's Academy, saying, " Behold!

From Life of Diogenes: " Someone took him into a magnificent house and warned him not to spit, whereupon, having cleared his throat, he spat into the man's face, being unable, he said, to find a meaner receptacle.

As to his death, Diogenes Laërtius reports a dubious story that Philolaus was put to death at Croton on account of being suspected of wanting to be the tyrant ; a story which Laërtius even took the trouble to put into verse.

In addition, Athenaeus mentions works called Symposium and Arcesilaus, and Diogenes Laërtius mentions a Sale of Diogenes () written by Menippus which seems to be the main source of the story that Diogenes of Sinope was captured by pirates and sold into slavery.

The term is taken up by Aristotle ( De caelo 308a. 20 ), Strabo, Plutarch and Diogenes Laertius, and was adopted into Latin as antipodes.

He has now presented his story at the Diogenes Club to Mycroft, who asks his brother Sherlock to look into it.

The Stoics, who later took Diogenes ' idea and developed it into a full blown concept, typically stressed that each human being " dwells in two communities – the local community of our birth, and the community of human argument and aspiration ".

* In the BBC TV series Sherlock episode " The Reichenbach Fall ", the Diogenes Club is shown ; Watson goes there, desperate to see Mycroft Holmes, gets into trouble for talking, and is briskly and not too gently escorted to the Stranger's Room by two muffle-shoed bouncers who hold a cloth pad to his mouth to prevent further noise.

On one occasion Diogenes went with his head half-shaved into an entertainment of young men, as Metrocles tells us in his Chreiai, and so was beaten by them.

* Kim Newman's set of linked short stories, Seven Stars, incorporate the titular jewel into his Diogenes Club series.

According to Diogenes, Hecato divided the virtues into two kinds, those founded on scientific intellectual principles ( i. e. wisdom and justice ), and those with no such basis ( e. g., temperance and the resultant health and vigour ).

In the 15th century, during the Italian Renaissance, the humanist monk Ambrogio Traversari translated Diogenes ’ s Greek book into Latin, as Laertii Diogenis vitae et sententiae eorum qui in philosophia probati fuerunt ( 1433 ), and so popularized De mortuis nihil nisi bonum, the Latin aphorism advising respect for the dead.

Some of their misadventures included a failed experiment in creating a bank ( first season ), getting swindled by a counterfeit money printer ( Diogenes Smith-who introduced the phrase " Wonderful World " into the series ), and Lum trying himself for a crime he didn't commit ( after all, he was simultaneously the town's only prisoner and Justice of the Peace ).

Among the topics of his etchings are Diogenes with his lantern, Noah leading animals into Arc,

Diogenes Laërtius divided the history of the Academy into three: the Old, the Middle, and the New.