During most of the 19th-century in fact, the term " tennis " referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel Sybil ( 1845 ), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will " go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.

In 1868, at the end of his first term as Prime Minister, Disraeli's wife Mary Anne had been created Viscountess Beaconsfield, of Beaconsfield in the County of Buckingham, in her own right, allowing her husband to remain a member of the House of Commons.

Her grandfather was Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, an industrialist and a Liberal Member of Parliament, in Benjamin Disraeli's second term.

Disraeli's efforts over the past two years had dispelled, for the time being, any doubts about him succeeding Derby as leader of the Conservative Party and therefore Prime Minister.

Progressive conservatism first arose as a distinct ideology in the United Kingdom under Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's " One Nation " Toryism.

The British Prime Minister Disraeli's Tory administration in London did not want a war with the Zulus.

; 1851: Correspondence between Lord Stanley, whose father became British Prime Minister the following year, and Benjamin Disraeli, who became Chancellor of the Exchequer alongside him, records Disraeli's proto-Zionist views: " He then unfolded a plan of restoring the nation to Palestine – said the country was admirably suited for them – the financiers all over Europe might help – the Porte is weak – the Turks / holders of property could be bought out – this, he said, was the object of his life ...." Coningsby was merely a feeler – my views were not fully developed at that time – since then all I have written has been for one purpose.

In 1875 Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's Colonial Secretary, Lord Carnarvon, in an attempt to extend British influence, approached the Orange Free State and the Transvaal Republic and tried to organise a federation of the British and Boer territories to be modelled after the 1867 federation of French and English provinces of Canada, however the Boer leaders turned him down.

The only unknown was the health of the Earl of Derby, still very much Prime Minister, Conservative leader, and Disraeli's colleague.

Progressive conservatism first arose as a distinct ideology in the United Kingdom under Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's " One Nation " Toryism.

From 1852 onwards, Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party.

Also, according to Disraeli's biographer, Lord Blake, the paper was " atrociously edited ", and would have failed regardless.

Disraeli's debts incurred from this debacle would haunt him for the rest of his life.

Stanley, with Disraeli's assistance, proposed and guided through the house the India Act, under which the subcontinent would be governed for sixty years.

Lord Cairns, Disraeli's Lord Chancellor, sought to remove the House of Lords jurisdiction for Scottish and Irish appeals as well, which would have completely removed its judicial jurisdiction.

On 23 February Cranborne protested in Cabinet and the next day analysed Baxter's figures using census returns and other statistics to determine how Disraeli's planned extension of the franchise would affect subsequent elections.

Cranborne wrote to Derby that he had discovered that Disraeli's plan would " throw the small boroughs almost, and many of them entirely, into the hands of the voter whose qualification is less than £ 10.

The Conservative boroughs with populations less than 25, 000 ( a majority of the boroughs in Parliament ) would be very much worse off under Disraeli's scheme than the Liberal Reform Bill of the previous year: " But if I assented to this scheme, now that I know what its effect will be, I could not look in the face those whom last year I urged to resist Mr Gladstone.

Also, the annals of modern parliamentary history could find no parallel for Disraeli's betrayal ; historians would have to look " to the days when Sunderland directed the Council, and accepted the favours of James when he was negotiating the invasion of William ".

In 1880, after Disraeli's government lost the General Election, Hartington was invited to form a government, but declined-as did the Earl Granville, Liberal Leader in the House of Lords-after William Ewart Gladstone made it clear that he would not serve under anybody else.

Bentinck was succeeded by Lord Granby ; Disraeli's own speech, thought by many of his own party to be blasphemous, ruled him out for the time being.

Disraeli's appreciation found an opportunity for displaying itself some years later, when in 1868 he invited him to be Lord Chancellor in the brief Conservative administration which followed Lord Derby's resignation of the party leadership.

A supporter of Disraeli's " one nation " conservatism, his politics were typical of " constructive unionism ", the belief that the union between Ireland and Britain should be more beneficial to the people of Ireland after centuries of difficulties.

The plot is commonly considered to be a thinly-disguised re-telling of Disraeli's involvement with John Murray in the publication and failure of a new newspaper, The Representative.

In the general election of 1880 Disraeli's Conservatives were defeated by Gladstone's Liberals, in large part owing to the uneven course of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.

After the Conservatives lost the 1880 election and Disraeli's death the year after, Salisbury emerged as Conservative leader in the House of Lords, with Sir Stafford Northcote leading the party in the Commons.

Following Disraeli's death in 1881, the Conservatives entered a period of turmoil.

When the Conservatives came into power in 1874, his part for the next six years was to criticize Disraeli's " spirited " foreign policy, and to defend his own more pliant methods.

Britain won virtually all the major battles of this war, and in the final settlement, the Treaty of Gandamak, saw a government installed which was both by personality and law receptive to British demands ; however, the human and material costs and relative brutality of the brief guerilla war ( the war resulted in great loss of life on all sides, including civilians ) became major issues in the defeat of Disraeli's Conservative government by Gladstone's Liberals in 1880.

While Disraeli's government survived until the December general election, the initiative had passed to the Liberals, who were returned to power with a majority of 170.

During the 1879 election campaign, also called Midlothian campaign, he rousingly spoke against Disraeli's foreign policies during the ongoing Second Anglo-Afghan War in Afghanistan.

This played a part in Gladstone's resignation, the election of the Conservative Derby government and Disraeli's Second Reform Act.

During the election campaign of 1880 ( the " Midlothian campaign ") that resulted in the defeat of Disraeli's government, William Ewart Gladstone delivered a famous speech in Dalkeith.

Although he was a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1844, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained.

Disraeli's parents were Jews whom he claimed were of Portuguese ancestry, possibly referring to an earlier origin of his family heritage in Iberia prior to the expulsion of Jews in 1492.

That same year Disraeli's financial activities brought him into contact with the publisher John Murray who was also involved in the South American mines.

In 1839 he settled his private life by marrying Mary Anne Lewis, the rich widow of Wyndham Lewis, Disraeli's erstwhile colleague at Maidstone.

Disraeli's biographers agree that Vivian Grey was a thinly veiled re-telling of the affair of The Representative, and it proved very popular on its release, although it also caused much offence within the Tory literary world when Disraeli's authorship was discovered.

Disraeli's relationships with other male writers of his period were strained or non-existent.

Disraeli's preference for female company prevented the development of contact with those who were otherwise not alienated by his opinions, comportment or background.

Disraeli's writing is considered generally interesting, and his books teem with striking thoughts, shrewd maxims, and brilliant phrases which stick in the memory ; on the other hand, he is often considered artificial, extravagant, and turgid.

The choice of a Tory publication was regarded as odd by Disraeli's friends and relatives, who thought him more of a Radical.

Disraeli's politics at the time were influenced both by his rebellious streak and by his desire to make his mark.

The split in the Tory / Conservative party over the repeal of the Corn Laws had profound implications for Disraeli's political career: almost every Conservative politician with official experience followed Peel, leaving the rump bereft of leadership.

In 1847 a small political crisis occurred which removed Bentinck from the leadership and highlighted Disraeli's differences with his own party.

Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford and a friend of Disraeli's, spoke strongly against the measure and implied that Russell was paying off the Jews for " helping " elect him.

Because of the split in the Conservative Party and because of Disraeli's unpopularity, arising from the budget fight of 1852, which is outlined above, no Conservative reconciliation remained possible so long as Disraeli remained leader in the House of Commons.

With Gladstone's refusal Derby and Disraeli looked elsewhere and settled on Disraeli's old friend Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who became Secretary of State for the Colonies ; Derby's son Lord Stanley, succeeded Ellenborough at the Board of Control.

Disraeli and Chelmsford had never got along particularly well, and Cairns, in Disraeli's view, was a far stronger minister.

Disraeli's first premiership was dominated by the heated debate over the established Church of Ireland.