* Distillation of chemicals such as in petroleum refining is done towers or columns with perforated trays.

The next step is to use a still to distil the wash. Distillation is used to increase the alcohol content and to remove undesired impurities such as methanol.

Automatic Distillation of Structure ( ADIOS ) is an algorithm that can analyse source material such as text and come up with meaningful information about the generative structures that gave rise to the source.

The book includes chapters such as " The Chemistry of Milk ", " The Chemistry of Baking Powders and Their Use in Baking ", " The Chemistry of Vegetable Cookery " and " Determination of Hydrogen Ion Concentration " and contains numerous illustrations of lab experiments including such things as a Distillation Apparatus for Vegetable Samples and a Pipette for Determining the Relative Viscosity of Pectin Solutions.

Distillation towers ( such as in images 3 and 4 ) use various vapor and liquid contacting methods to provide the required number of equilibrium stages.

Common Quickfit components include ( 1 ) Pear shaped flask, 50 ml ( 2 ) Distillation | Stillhead ( 3 ) Liebig condenser ( 4 ) Screwcap adapter ( 5 ) Receiver adapter ( 6 ) Thermometer ( 7 ) Dropping funnel, 50 ml, with Rotaflo tap ( 8 ) Stopper ( 9 ) Air leak / steam inlet tube ( 10 ) Round bottom flask, 25 ml ( 11 ) Condenser ( laboratory )# Air condenser | Air condenser / drying tube ( 12 ) Sintered glass funnel ( 13 ) Drying tube ( 14 ) Pear shaped flask, 50 ml, with angled side neck ( 15 ) Air leak / steam inlet tube ( 16 ) Adapter with ' T ' connection ( 17 ) Screwcap adapter

A schematic representation of a Soxhlet extractor 1: Stirrer bar 2: Still pot ( the still pot should not be overfilled and the volume of solvent in the still pot should be 3 to 4 times the volume of the soxhlet chamber ) 3: Distillation path 4: Thimble 5: Solid 6: Siphon top 7: Siphon exit 8: Expansion adapter 9: Condenser 10: Cooling water in 11: Cooling water out

< http :// www. 1911encyclopedia. org / Distillation >.</ ref > However, some laboratory techniques that involve simple distillation and do not require sophisticated apparatus may use a retort as a substitute for more complex distillation equipment.

In laboratory use, due to advances in technology, especially the invention of the Liebig condenser, retorts were largely considered to have been rendered obsolete as early as the beginning of the 20 < sup > th </ sup > century .< ref >" Distillation.

Distillation was historically performed using an alembic or pot still, although in modern production, the use of a continuous still is much more common.

Distillation spread from Ireland to Scotland ( about one hundred years later ) and originated from the European continent in the later medieval centuries.

Image 4: Simplified chemical engineering schematic of Continuous Fractional Distillation tower separating one feed mixture stream into four distillate and one bottoms fractions

Distillation apparatus of Zosimus, from Marcelin Berthelot, Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs ( 3 vol., Paris, 1887 – 1888 ).

Distillation apparatus of Zosimos, from Marcelin Berthelot, Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs ( 3 vol., Paris, 1887-1888 ).

* Structural Decoration ; Architectural features, such as columns, friezes and various mouldings ; mural decoration, such as fresco-paintings, coloured reliefs and mosaic inlay.

Due to its arrangement, groups, or columns, and periods, or rows, of elements in the table either share several chemical properties, or follow a certain trend in characteristics such as atomic radius, electronegativity, etc.

In the Renaissance period the Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect ; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches, the doorway being in plain masonry.

The construction of such lavish mausolea was banned by decree in 317 BC, following which only small columns or inscribed square marble blocks were permitted as grave stones.

On the DVD commentary, Gilliam expresses great pride in one set in particular, the main hall of Pilate's fortress, which had been designed so that it accurately looked like an old Judean temple that the Romans had converted by dumping their structural artifacts ( such as marble floors and columns ) on top.

This has allowed Lyon & Healy to mass-produce harps, that can be customized with special order features — such as carved columns, gold-leaf work, hand-painted sound boards, and other artistic inlays.

The Ottoman style of mosque usually included elaborate columns, aisles, and high ceilings in the interior, while incorporating traditional elements, such as the mihrab.

Other mathematical principles evidenced in his works include the superposition of a hyperbolic plane on a fixed 2-dimensional plane, and the incorporation of three-dimensional objects such as spheres, columns and cubes into his works.

In industrial processes, mass transfer operations include separation of chemical components in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers, adsorbers such as activated carbon beds, and liquid-liquid extraction.

Some keyboards, such as the Kinesis, retain the QWERTY layout but arrange the keys in vertical columns, to reduce unnecessary lateral finger motion.

Then there are operators to rename columns, and summarizing or aggregating operators, and if you permit relation values as attributes ( RVA – relation-valued attribute ), then operators such as group and ungroup.

Red top tabloids, named after their distinguishing red mastheads, employ a form of writing known as tabloid journalism ; this style emphasises features such as sensational crime stories, astrology, gossip columns about the personal lives of celebrities and sports stars, and junk food news.

These parody the format of supernatural and true-love British comics which were popular with young girl readers in the 1970s and 1980s, such as " Chiller " and " Jackie ", as well as the " real life dilemma " photo strips often found in the advice columns of tabloid newspapers.

The material for the construction is brought from all over the empire – such as Hellenistic columns from the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and large stones from quarries in porphyry from Egypt.

Several regular columns are present in most issues of Phrack, such as:

A relative few did join the new UPI and the columns of popular INS writers, such as Bob Considine, Louella Parsons and Ruth Montgomery, were carried by UPI.

In the third and final phase, beginning in March 1900, the Boers launched a protracted hard-fought guerrilla war against the British forces, lasting a further two years, during which the Boers raided targets such as British troop columns, telegraph sites, railways and storage depots.

Stopcocks are often parts of laboratory glassware such as burettes, separatory funnels, Schlenk flasks, and columns used for column chromatography.

He masturbates in the confines of his shower ; the shower stall evokes a jail cell and the shot is the first of many where Lester is confined behind bars or within frames, such as when he is reflected behind columns of numbers on a computer monitor, " confined nearly crossed out ".

Common in some Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata, black shales were deposited in anoxic, reducing environments, such as in stagnant water columns.

This obviates the situation whereby all of the hammers fire simultaneously when printing a line that consists of the same character in all columns, such as a complete line of dashes ("----").

The activity of IRA flying columns, such as the one under Tom Barry in west Cork, was popularised in the Ken Loach film The Wind That Shakes The Barley.

Where are such columns of sunshine, tangible, accessible, terrestrialized?

The sense of perspective has been created by designing the length of the columns so that those at the far end of the colonnade are much shorter than those in front.

Of its coins the most ancient bear the Phoenician inscription abdrt with the head of Melkart and a tunny-fish ; those of Tiberius ( who seems to have made the place a colonia ) show the chief temple of the town with two tunny-fish erect in the form of columns.

The Greek Revival façade facing Great Russell Street is a characteristic building of Sir Robert Smirke, with 44 columns in the Ionic order high, closely based on those of the temple of Athena Polias at Priene in Asia Minor.

Daily strips have suffered as well, in 1910 the strips had an unlimited amount of panels, covering the entire width page, while by 1930 most " dailies " had four or five panels covering six of the eight columns occupied by a traditional broadsheet paper, by 1958 those four panels would be narrower, and those would have half of the space a 1910 daily strip had, and around 1998 most strips would have three panels only ( with a few exceptions ), or even two or one on an occasional basis, apart from strips being smaller, as most papers became slightly narrower.

Some of the most elaborate columns in the ancient world were those of the Persians, especially the massive stone columns erected in Persepolis.

The " lightest " products ( those with the lowest boiling point ) exit from the top of the columns and the " heaviest " products ( those with the highest boiling point ) exit from the bottom of the column and are often called the bottoms.

Conversely, factors that favor plate columns are: presence of solids in feed, high liquid rates, large column diameters, complex columns, columns with wide feed composition variation, columns with a chemical reaction, absorption columns, columns limited by foundation weight tolerance, low liquid rate, large turn-down ratio and those processes subject to process surges.

In those disciplines we would write the product as ( the bra-ket notation of quantum mechanics ), respectively ( dot product as a case of the convention of forming the matrix product AB as the dot products of rows of A with columns of B ).

The lobby is set back from the perimeter columns, which were exposed around the perimeter of the building above, creating a modern arcade not unlike those of the Greek temples.

A non-vanishing p-minor ( p × p submatrix with non-vanishing determinant ) shows that the rows and columns of that submatrix are linearly independent, and thus those rows and columns of the full matrix are linearly independent ( in the full matrix ), so the row and column rank are at least as large as the determinantal rank ; however, the converse is less straightforward.

The white columns and pointed arches reflect the clear influence that the Arab world had on Amalfi, similar to those found in the courts of the palaces of the Middle East.

The most remarkable cliffs are those formed of perpendicular basaltic columns, extending for many miles, and most strikingly displayed in Fair Head and the celebrated Giant's Causeway.

The latter are called the Initial Masorah ; the notes on the side margins or between the columns are called the Small ( Masora parva or Mp ) or Inner Masorah ( Masora marginalis ); and those on the lower and upper margins, the Large or Outer Masorah ( Masora magna or Mm ).

Thus it happens that a ploughed field lies above the heads of those who walk between the columns below.

Colossal foundations of a temple dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian are still visible: the columns were 21. 35 metres high ( about 70 feet ), while the highest known elsewhere, those at Baalbek in Syria are only 19. 35 metres ( about 63 feet ).