A notable exception is the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich, whose symphonies use the theme of angst in post-World War II compositions depicting Russian strife during the war.

Dmitri Shostakovich in 1942

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( 25 September 1906 – 9 August 1975 ) was a Soviet Russian composer and pianist and a prominent figure of 20th century music.

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Nevertheless, composers continued to write and study fugues for various purposes ; they appear in the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1756 – 1791 ) and Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1770 – 1827 ), as well as modern composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich ( 1906 – 1975 ).

Shakespeare experts Sir John Gielgud and Kenneth Branagh consider the definitive rendition of the Bard's tragic tale to be the 1964 Russian film Gamlet () based on a translation by Boris Pasternak and directed by Grigori Kozintsev, with a score by Dmitri Shostakovich.

Both Dmitri Shostakovich ( Hamlet, 1964 ) and Alfred Schnittke ( Symphony No. 8, 1998 ) wrote works that use the harpsichord as part of the orchestral texture.

His wife ( Lady Macbeth ) has gained fame along the way, lending her Shakespeare-given title to a short story by Nikolai Leskov and the opera by Dmitri Shostakovich titled Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk.

The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled " Suite on Finnish Themes " to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki.

In the 20th century the traditions of Russian opera were developed by many composers including Sergei Rachmaninoff in his works The Miserly Knight and Francesca da Rimini, Igor Stravinsky in Le Rossignol, Mavra, Oedipus rex, and The Rake's Progress, Sergei Prokofiev in The Gambler, The Love for Three Oranges, The Fiery Angel, Betrothal in a Monastery, and War and Peace ; as well as Dmitri Shostakovich in The Nose and Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, Edison Denisov in L ' écume des jours, and Alfred Schnittke in Life with an Idiot and Historia von D. Johann Fausten.

Composers thus influenced include the Englishman Benjamin Britten, the German Hans Werner Henze, and the Russian Dmitri Shostakovich.

* Dmitri Shostakovich

This patriotic song was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1951 ( opus 86 ), with words by Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky.

* September 25 – Dmitri Shostakovich, Russian composer ( d. 1975 )

During his stay in the USSR, he visited Moscow and met several leading Soviet composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich and Aram Khachaturian.

Several composers, chief among them Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Dmitri Shostakovich, have created new editions of the opera to " correct " perceived technical weaknesses in the composer's original scores.

Other composers who wrote music in the style of the polka were Jaromír Weinberger, Dmitri Shostakovich and Igor Stravinsky.

Some composers, including Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Carl Nielsen, continued to write in the traditional four-movement form, while other composers took different approaches: Jean Sibelius ' Symphony No. 7, his last, is in one movement, whereas Alan Hovhaness's Symphony No. 9, Saint Vartan — originally op.

His creations include such masterpieces as Sergei Prokofiev's Symphony-Concerto, Dmitri Shostakovich's two cello concertos, Benjamin Britten's Cello-Symphony ( which emphasizes, as its title suggests, the equal importance of soloist and orchestra ), Henri Dutilleux ' Tout un monde lointain, Witold Lutosławski's cello concerto, Dmitri Kabalevsky's two cello concertos, Aram Khachaturian's Concerto-Rhapsody, Arvo Pärt's Pro et Contra, Alfred Schnittke, André Jolivet and Krzysztof Penderecki second cello concertos, Sofia Gubaidulina's Canticles of the Sun, Luciano Berio's Ritorno degli Snovidenia, Leonard Bernstein's Three Meditations, James MacMillan's cello concerto and Olivier Messiaen's Concert à quatre ( a quadruple concerto for cello, piano, oboe, flute and orchestra ).

In the 20th century Russian music was credited with such influential composers as Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Igor Stravinski, Georgy Sviridov, and Alfred Schnittke.

Notable Russian scientists include Dmitri Mendeleev, Nikolay Bogolyubov, Andrei Kolmogorov, Ivan Pavlov, Nikolai Semyonov, Dmitri Ivanenko, Nikolai Lobachevsky, Alexander Lodygin, Alexander Popov ( one of inventors of radio ), Nikolai Zhukovsky, Alexander Prokhorov and Nikolay Basov ( co-inventors of laser ), Georgiy Gamov, Vladimir Zworykin, Lev Pontryagin, Sergei Sobolev, Pavel Yablochkov, Aleksandr Butlerov, Andrei Sakharov, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Sergey Korolyov and Mstislav Keldysh ( creators of the Soviet space program ), Aleksandr Lyapunov, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Andrei Tupolev, Yuri Denisyuk ( the first practicable method of holography ), Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky, Pyotr Kapitsa, Igor Sikorsky, Ludvig Faddeev, Zhores Alferov, Konstantin Novoselov, Fyodor Shcherbatskoy, Nikolai Trubetzkoy etc.

Russian composers who reached a high status in the world of music include Igor Stravinsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Sergei Prokofiev, and Sergei Rachmaninoff.

He has been the inspiration for many Russian composers, including most notably Dmitri Shostakovich ( in his late symphonies ) and Sergei Prokofiev ( in his operas ).

Dmitri Hvorostovsky and Sergei Leiferkus are two Russian baritones of the modern era who appear regularly in the West.

Fine examples of its use are demonstrated in the symphonies of Gustav Mahler, Dmitri Shostakovich and, to a lesser extent, Sergei Rachmaninov and Sergei Prokofiev.

Rostropovich either commissioned or was the recipient of compositions by many composers including Dmitri Shostakovich, Sergei Prokofiev, Benjamin Britten, Henri Dutilleux, Olivier Messiaen, Witold Lutosławski, Luciano Berio, Krzysztof Penderecki, Leonard Bernstein, Alfred Schnittke, Aram Khachaturian, Ástor Piazzolla, Sofia Gubaidulina, Arthur Bliss and Lopes Graça.

Except perhaps for Cui, the members of this group influenced or taught many of the great Russian composers who were to follow, including Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

Alongside with Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich, Khachaturian is sometimes dubbed as one of the three " titans " of Soviet music.

He was educated at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in Russia, where he studied piano with Felix Blumenfeld, teacher of Vladimir Horowitz, and harmony and counterpoint with Alexander Glazunov, mentor to Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich.

The late 19th and early 20th century saw the third wave of Russian classics: Igor Stravinsky ( 1882 – 1971 ), Alexander Scriabin ( 1872 – 1915 ), Sergei Prokofiev ( 1891 – 1953 ) and Dmitri Shostakovich ( 1906 – 1975 ).

The piano concerto form survived through the 20th century into the 21st, with examples being written by Arnold Schoenberg, Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Nikolai Medtner, Alexander Tcherepnin, Maurice Ravel, George Gershwin, Michael Tippett, Charles Wuorinen, York Bowen, Frank Martin, Bohuslav Martinů, Peter Mieg, Heinrich Sutermeister, Dmitri Shostakovich, Samuel Barber, Witold Lutosławski, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Peter Mennin, György Ligeti, Elliott Carter, Selim Palmgren, Leroy Anderson, and others.

Alexander Nevsky () is a 1938 historical drama film directed by Sergei Eisenstein, in association with Dmitri Vasilyev and a script co-written with Pyotr Pavlenko, who were assigned to ensure Eisenstein did not stray into " formalism " and to facilitate shooting on a reasonable timetable.

Thomas Allen, Stig Andersen, José Carreras, Plácido Domingo, Bruce Ford, Donald Gramm, Nicolai Ghiaurov, Marcello Giordani, Franz Grundheber, Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Sergei Leiferkus, Sherrill Milnes, Leo Nucci, Luciano Pavarotti, Samuel Ramey, Bo Skovhus, Thomas Stewart, Norman Treigle, Richard Tucker, Ramón Vargas, Jon Vickers, Gosta Winbergh.

Following the 2011 Russian protests, Russian president Dmitri Medvedev, having made promises of political reform, nevertheless appointed several siloviki to prominent positions in the government: Sergei Ivanov to chief of staff of the presidential administration ; Dmitry Rogozin to deputy prime minister ; and Vyacheslav Volodin to deputy chief of staff.

Among his pupils were composers Dmitri Smirnov, Elena Firsova, Vladimir Tarnopolsky, Sergei Pavlenko, Ivan Sokolov, Yuri Kasparov, Dmitri Kapyrin and Alexander Shchetinsky.