Mark Epstein relates the Four Noble Truths to primary narcissism as described by Donald Winnicott in his theory on the True self and false self.

* January 28 – Donald Winnicott, British psychoanalyst ( b. 1896 )

There is little reason to believe, therefore, that any of the other writers credited with helping to invent object relations theory ( Melanie Klein or Donald Winnicott, for example ) ever read the German text of this lecture, published as Zur Genese der Object-beziehung in Vol.

In 1951, Donald Winnicott presented his theory of transitional objects and phenomena, according to which childish actions like thumb sucking and objects like cuddly toys are the source of manifold adult behavior, amongst many others fetishism.

Trist was much influenced by Melanie Klein, who visited the Tavistock, as well as by his colleagues John Bowlby, Donald Winnicott, Wilfred Bion and Jock Sutherland.

Donald Woods Winnicott ( 7 April 1896 – 28 January 1971 ) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory.

' Donald Winnicott came to psychoanalysis from paediatrics, and ... through his analysis with James Strachey ', and his work with children and their mothers fed into the experience on which he built his most influential concepts, such as the " holding environment " so crucial to psychotherapy, and the " transitional object ," known to every parent as the " security blanket.

From a Kleinian viewpoint, ' Donald Winnicott, who was always extremely respectful of Melanie Klein's work, could not stomach the notion of envy ', just as he had led the Independent's ' common repudiation ... the loathsome notion of death instinct '.

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* Donald Woods Winnicott

Developments in the 1950s included a shift in emphasis towards the non-traumatic by Donald Winnicott ( 1896-1971 ), and to the transpersonal aspects of pre-and perinatal experience by Maarten Lietaert Peerbolte ( 1905-1982 ), and brought attention to the relevance of very early gestation, and even the event of conception by Lietaert Peerbolte.

According to Donald Woods Winnicott " projection and introjection mechanisms ... let the other person be the manager sometimes, and to hand over omnipotence.

Although first formulated in the 1920s by Otto Rank, object relations theory was extended in the 1940s and 50s by British psychologists Ronald Fairbairn, Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, Harry Guntrip, Scott Stuart, and others.

Fairbairn and Donald Winnicott into a transpersonal therapy which seeks to heal through awareness and the holding field.

* Donald Woods Winnicott ( North ' B ' House, 1910 – 14 ): Pediatrician and psychoanalyst.

It was all gravy, and Donald didn't need much to live on ; ;

But to earn a living in the meantime he inquired whether Western Publishing, which had published Pirate Gold, had any need for artists for Donald Duck comic book stories.

In need of a new getaway driver, McCauley recruits Donald Breeden ( Dennis Haysbert ), an ex-convict frustrated with his demoralizing position as a short order cook at a diner.

He quotes Donald J. Boudreaux on the need to abolish the IMF.

When Controller of BBC Television Donald Baverstock alerted Newman of the need for a programme to bridge the gap between the sports showcase Grandstand and pop music programme Juke Box Jury on Saturday evenings, he decided that a science-fiction drama would be the perfect vehicle for filling the gap and gaining a family audience.

Some cities are also using a technology developed by Dr. Donald Stedman of the University of Denver, which uses lasers to detect emissions while vehicles pass by on public roads, thus eliminating the need for owners to go to a test center.

In need of a new identity after his then-alias of Anthony Tunnicliffe was compromised in a police sting, in 1978 he bought Donald Nice's passport.

Mr. Donald Stephens saw a need for a good newspaper, which subsequently led to the birth of Sabah Times.

Donald Richie says, " American pornography is kept forever on its elemental level because, showing all, it need do nothing else ; Japanese eroductions have to do something else since they cannot show all.

Donald Lewis Leake ( November 6, 1931 – December 31, 1997 ) was an oral surgeon, and inventor of the alloplastic tray, a method for reconstruction of jaws without the need for bone grafts.

In a subsequent meeting in November held at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory in Buffalo, a group of eight administrators “ agreed that there was a need for some kind of group or organization that would look beyond business and fiscal matters into the broader aspects of research administration ,” as reported by Donald S. Murray of the University of Pennsylvania.

The biographer Donald Spoto adds “ work is a series of variations on the great emotional cycles of his own tortured life ” ( xviii ).

Among the more influential scientists have been Harold Gulliksen ( whose book, " Theory of Mental Tests ," helped codify classical test theory ); Frederic Lord ( Item Response Theory ); Samuel Messick, ( modern validity theory ); Robert Linn ( currently known for testing and educational policy ); Norman Frederiksen ( performance assessment ); Ledyard Tucker ( test analysis, including inventing the " Angoff Method " of standard setting ); Donald Rubin ( missing data and causal modeling from observational data ); Karl Joreskog ( structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis ); Paul Holland ( differential item functioning, test equating, causal modeling ); John Carroll ( language testing and cognitive psychology ); Michael Lewis ( infant cognitive, social, and emotional development ); Irving Sigel ( children's cognitive development ); Herman Witkin ( cognitive and learning styles ); K. Patricia Cross ( adult education ); Samuel Ball ( an evaluation researcher who documented the positive educational effects of Sesame Street ); and David Rosenhan ( known for the Rosenhan experiment, which challenged the validity of psychiatric diagnosis ).

In Canada, David Miall, usually working with Donald Kuiken, has produced a large body of work exploring emotional or " affective " responses to literature, drawing on such concepts from ordinary criticism as " defamiliarization " or " foregrounding ".

In 1988, Donald Norman appropriated the term affordances in the context of human – machine interaction to refer to just those action possibilities that are readily perceivable by an actor.

Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug ( in his book Don't Make Me Think ).

The model was proposed by Donald A. Norman, a scholar in the discipline of human-computer interaction.

Donald Worster's widely quoted 1988 definition states: " Environmental history is the interaction between human cultures and the environment in the past.