* Doping ( semiconductor ) – A reference on doping semiconductors

Doping a semiconductor with a small amount of impurity atoms greatly increases the number of charge carriers within it.

* Doping ( semiconductor ), intentionally introducing impurities into an extremely pure semiconductor to change its electrical properties

# REDIRECT Doping ( semiconductor )

Given that many governments cannot be legally bound by a non-governmental document such as the World Anti-Doping Code, they are implementing it by individually ratifying the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport, the first global international treaty against doping in sport, which was unanimously adopted by 191 governments at the UNESCO General Conference in October 2005 and came into force in February 2007.

Doping concentration for silicon semiconductors may range anywhere from 10 < sup > 13 </ sup > cm < sup >− 3 </ sup > to 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > cm < sup >− 3 </ sup >.

Doping with Group III elements, which are missing the fourth valence electron, creates " broken bonds " ( holes ) in the silicon lattice that are free to move.

Various committees and commission also help with the oversight of individual disciplines ( e. g. the Technical Open Water Swimming Committee helps with open water ), or topic-related issues ( e. g. the FINA Doping Panel ).

Doping with titanium dioxide can provide different cutoff wavelengths on the ultraviolet side, but the material suffers from solarization ; it is often used in medical and sun-ray lamps and some non-laser lamps.

* The social aspects of Gene Doping is discussed in the RU Sirius Show # 117 6. 29. 07 with Steve Wozniak and WorldChanger Jamais Cascio.

Doping a horse is a clear example of cheating by interfering with the instruments of the event under wager.

The 1998 Tour de France, also called the Tour du Dopage ( Tour of Doping ), was marred by doping scandals throughout known as the Festina affair, starting with the arrest of Willy Voet, a soigneur in the French Festina team.

Ivanchuk was eventually found innocent of the charges, on the basis that he was not informed of the need for the doping test beforehand by a Doping Control Officer, in accordance with correct FIDE procedure, and that in his distraught frame of mind, he had not fully understood the arbiter's request.

Among Langley's credits are American Vice: The Doping of a Nation, featuring three " live " drug busts across the United States during primetime viewing ; Who Murdered JFK, an examination of the John F. Kennedy assassination ; and Terrorism: Target U. S. A., an early warning of the coming problems with terrorism in the United States as well as across the world.

Doping fullerenes with electropositive metals takes place in an arc reactor or via laser evaporation.

The players believed they were being injected with Vitamin C. The study, entitled, " Doping in Germany " was sponsored by the German Olympic Committee.

He has done lyric work for the The Brilliant Green, Doping Panda, Super Junky Monkey, Maaya Sakamoto, Siam Shade, Origa, Ken Hirai, along with many other bands and musicians.

Doping atoms, donors, usually have one more valence electron than one type of the host atoms.

Doping introduces additional electron energy levels into the band gap, that may or may not be populated by electrons, dependent on circumstances and temperature, and causes the Fermi level E < sub > F </ sub > to shift from the energy level ( relative to the band structure ) that it would have had in the absence of doping.

* Doping during production of semiconductors.

Doping concentration above about 10 < sup > 18 </ sup > cm < sup >− 3 </ sup > is considered degenerate at room temperature.

Doping is generally the practice of adding impurities to something.

Doping has played a significant part in the modern history of track and field.

* Doping praseodymium in fluoride glass allows it to be used as a single mode fiber optical amplifier.

The centres and ancillary services include the Centre for Languages and Translation, the National Poison Centre, the Doping Control Centre, the Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia, the Centre for Educational Technology and Multimedia, the Computer Centre, the Centre for Knowledge, Communication and Technology and the Islamic Centre.

: The Court of Arbitration of Sport has decided that the Doping Appeal Board of USATF reached an erroneous decision when exonerating Jerome Young of a doping offence and that, accordingly, Jerome Young did indeed commit a Doping Offence on 26 June 1999.

Doping and sexual harassment.

Following an extensive consultation period, revisions to the World Anti-Doping Code were unanimously adopted at the Third World Conference on Doping in Sport in November 2007 to incorporate the experience gained from the enforcement of the initial Code.

( 2003 ) Gene Doping: Sport, Values & Bioethics.

* Summary of TAB Working report 124 " Gene Doping " on behalf of the German Parliament ( April 2008 ) cf.

Research in condensed matter physics has given rise to several device applications, such as the development of the semiconductor transistor, and laser technology.

Semiconductor devices, such as transistors, are made possible largely by putting different semiconductor dopants into different places, in specific patterns.

The first semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes, developed around 1906, were made of mineral crystals such as galena.

: In a diode formed from a direct band-gap semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide, carriers that cross the junction emit photons when they recombine with the majority carrier on the other side.

Furthermore, the PIN structure can be found in many power semiconductor devices, such as IGBTs, power MOSFETs, and thyristors.

* The HEMT ( high electron mobility transistor ), also called a HFET ( heterostructure FET ), can be made using bandgap engineering in a ternary semiconductor such as AlGaAs.

Historically the first decade of semiconductor electronics were entirely based on germanium, although its production for such use today is a small fraction ( 2 %) of that of ultra-high purity silicon, which has largely replaced it.

Bare uncoated semiconductors such as silicon exhibit a very high refractive index relative to open air, which prevents passage of photons at sharp angles relative to the air-contacting surface of the semiconductor.

At the time there was no such thing as a " design-only " firm ( known as a fabless semiconductor company today ), so they had to join a chip-building company to produce their new CPU.

Photons hitting a thin film of alkali metal or semiconductor material such as gallium arsenide in an image intensifier tube cause the ejection of photoelectrons due to the photoelectric effect.

Silicon is a semiconductor, and is used as such in some technological applications.

The effective mass is important as it affects many of the electrical properties of the semiconductor, such as the electron or hole mobility, which in turn influences the diffusivity of the charge carriers and the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor.

The development of modern semiconductor electronics negated the advantages of designs ( such as the regenerative receiver ) which used fewer vacuum tubes.

Since the production of high-quality semiconductor materials was still decades away, Lilienfeld's solid-state amplifier ideas would not have found practical use in the 1920s and 1930s, even if such a device were built.

Many NTC thermistors are made from a pressed disc or cast chip of a semiconductor such as a sintered metal oxide.

In most applications, solid-state devices such as transistors and semiconductor devices have replaced tubes.

This is expected to become more commonplace as semiconductor fabrication moves from the current generation of 65 nm processes to the next 45 nm generations ( while experiencing new challenges such as increased variation across process corners ).

A crystal may be doped with a small amount of an element having more electrons than the semiconductor, and those excess electrons will be free to move through the crystal ; such a crystal is an n-type semiconductor.

One may also add to the crystal a small amount of an element having fewer electrons than the semiconductor, and the electron vacancies, or holes, so introduced will be free to move through the crystal like positively-charged electrons ; such a doped crystal is a p-type semiconductor.

Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead.