In this case the Dormant Commerce Clause is no longer " dormant " and the issue is a Commerce Clause issue, requiring a determination of whether Congress has approved, preempted, or left untouched the state law at issue.

The " Dormant " Commerce Clause, also known as the " Negative " Commerce Clause, is a legal doctrine that courts in the United States have inferred from the Commerce Clause in Article I of the United States Constitution.

Sir Bernard Burke's A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire, also states " natural daughter of " Humphrey of Gloucester.

It is also said that the Samdruptse hill is actually a Dormant Volcano.

* Delta Sigma Theta ( Dormant )

" As to the Dormant Commerce Clause in particular, the Court clarified that, while not a pro tanto repeal, the Twenty-First Amendment nonetheless " primarily created an exception to the normal operation of the Commerce Clause.

In declaring the law unconstitutional, the Court reiterated that " although the Twenty-first Amendment limits the effect of the Dormant Commerce Clause on a State's regulatory power over the delivery or use of intoxicating beverages within its borders, the Amendment does not license the States to ignore their obligations under other provisions of the Constitution.

Most recently, however, Granholm v. Heald ( 2005 ), held that the Twenty-first Amendment does not overrule the Dormant Commerce Clause with respect to alcohol sales, and therefore states must treat in-state and out-of-state wineries equally.

" In his historical account, Justice Thomas argued the early precedent provided by State Board of Equalization v. Young's Market Co. was indeed correct, and furthered the original intent of the Twenty-first Amendment to provide a constitutional guarantee authorizing state regulation that might conflict with the Dormant Commerce Clause ( similar to the Webb – Kenyon Act ).

" The idea behind the Dormant Commerce Clause is that this grant of power implies a negative converse — a restriction prohibiting a state from passing legislation that improperly burdens or discriminates against interstate commerce.

The Dormant Commerce Clause does not expressly exist in the text of the United States Constitution.

Thus, in a Dormant Commerce Clause case, a court is initially concerned with whether the law facially discriminates against out-of-state actors or has the effect of favoring in-state economic interests over out-of-state interests.

There are two notable exceptions to the Dormant Commerce Clause doctrine that can permit state laws or actions that otherwise violate the Dormant Commerce Clause to survive court challenges.

The " market participation exception " to the Dormant Commerce Clause does not give states unlimited authority to favor local interests, because limits from other laws and Constitutional limits still apply.

The Supreme Court found that while the law was not infirm because of the Dormant Commerce Clause, it violated the Privileges and Immunities Clause of Article IV of the Constitution.

In the 21st century, the Dormant Commerce Clause has been a frequent legal issue in cases arising under state laws regulating some aspects of Internet activity.

Because of the interstate, and often international, nature of Internet communications, state laws addressing internet-related subjects such as spam, online sales or online pornography can often trigger Dormant Commerce Clause issues.

have rejected the notion of a Dormant Commerce Clause.

Under the Knight decision, any action against manufacturing monopolies would need to be taken by individual states, making such regulation extremely difficult with regards to out-of-state monopolies because states are prohibited from discriminating against out-of-state goods by, among other things, the Dormant Commerce Clause and Article I section 10 of the U. S. Constitution.

Dormant buds are numerous on the boles of black oak trees.

Before Tchaikovsky's version, several ballet productions were based on the " sleeping beauty " theme, amongst which one from Eugène Scribe: in the winter of 1828 – 1829, the French playwright furnished a four-act mimed scenario as a basis for Aumer's choreography of a four-act ballet-pantomime La Belle au Bois Dormant.

Dormant seeds are ripe seeds that do not germinate because they are subject to external environmental conditions that prevent the initiation of metabolic processes and cell growth.

While enrolled in college, they both joined their campus chapters of the Jewish fraternity, Alpha Epsilon Pi.

The fraternity chapters range in size from approximately 40 to 70 members each.

The college has four all-male fraternities including chapters of Sigma Chi, Theta Chi, Phi Delta Theta, and a local fraternity, Phi Kappa Pi, ( named Merriman for the college's founding president ).

Lott led the effort at the 1962 national convention of the Sigma Nu fraternity to defeat the Civil Rights era amendment proposed by the Stanford and Brown University chapters to end mandatory racial exclusion by the fraternity.

From these new chapters, the Phi Beta Kappa evolved from a fraternity with principally academic and some social purposes to an entirely honorary organization recognizing scholastic achievement.

The university is home to the fraternity chapters of Phi Delta Theta, Delta Tau Delta, Sigma Nu, Beta Theta Pi, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Lambda Chi Alpha, Pi Kappa Alpha and Phi Kappa Theta.

About 10-12 % of students belong to social fraternities and sororities, which are local with the exception of one fraternity and one sorority ( Phi Sigma Kappa and Delta Sigma Theta respectively ) to Hope rather than chapters of larger organizations.

" By 1903 the fraternity had established chapters at Columbia University and New York University.

However even though they were a Jewish and Christian fraternity, there were a few chapters who did not mix.

With an influx of new students, many of the dormant chapters of the fraternity were quickly re-activated.

In a compromise to several southern chapters in the 1949 Convention, the amendments to the constitution were approved while language which barred the initiation of non-white and non-Christians were inserted into the fraternity ritual.

While the fraternity was interested in maintaining its California chapters, there was opposition to any plan to integrate the entire fraternity.

Several southern chapters passed resolutions against and relaxation of racial and religious restrictions and threatened to withdraw from the fraternity.

A compromise was again reached where the current rules were not to be changed but exemptions were granted to chapters in danger to losing their recognition due to fraternity policies.

As part of Vision 2025, the fraternity is preparing to launch leadership programs to train 100 % of their undergraduates by 2015, developed " The Summit " to train all presidents and recruitment chairmen with professional recruitment techniques, and opens between 5-8 chapters each year with a goal of hitting 200 by 2025.

The fraternity has also developed programs such as the Growth Acceleration Program ( GAP ) for struggling chapters and new chapters to receive necessary recruitment training to grow and find the right men on their campus.

The average chapter size of a new development was ~ 50 men for the 11-12 school year and the fraternity will begin adding 10-12 new chapters each year by 2015.

By 2000, Phi Iota Alpha had chartered chapters across the United States ; which include the re-establishments of former Sigma Iota ( ΣI ) fraternity chapter Syracuse University and former Phi Lambda Alpha ( ΦΛA ) fraternity chapter Columbia University.

Alpha Phi Omega ( ΑΦΩ ) ( commonly known as APO, but also A-Phi-O and A-Phi-Q ) is the largest collegiate fraternity in the United States, with chapters at over 350 campuses, an active membership of over 25, 000 students, and over 400, 000 alumni members.

Being primarily a service organization, the fraternity restricts its chapters from maintaining fraternity houses to serve as residences for their members.