In 1989, Howard Dresner ( later a Gartner Group analyst ) proposed " business intelligence " as an umbrella term to describe " concepts and methods to improve business decision making by using fact-based support systems.

In 1989 Howard Dresner, a research analyst at Gartner, popularized " business intelligence " ( BI ) as an umbrella term to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision-making by using fact-based support systems.

* In 2011, MicroStrategy was rated the top Mobile BI offering out of 24 product offerings in the widely followed Howard Dresner Mobile BI Survey.

In an often quoted remark, Gould stated, " Since we proposed punctuated equilibria to explain trends, it is infuriating to be quoted again and again by creationists — whether through design or stupidity, I do not know — as admitting that the fossil record includes no transitional forms.

A famous quote attributed to Larry Adler in the book, From 33 1 / 3 to 45 ..., "... Bartlett ’ s Dictionary of Quotations " includes a remark that he once made: “ A vasectomy means never having to say you ’ re sorry .“ That from a mouth organ player!

To settle which is right, Burgess cuts open the sack and finds the note that reveals the full remark: “ You are far from being a bad man — go, and reform — or, mark my words — some day, for your sins you will die and go to hell or Hadleyburg — try and make it the former .” Neither man's claim includes the second half of remark.

The Board ( occasionally CSBD or the BoD for short ) also includes functions defined by a Deed of Trust written by Eddy ( one of several, in fact ) under which it consisted of four persons, though she later expanded the Board to five persons, thus in effect leaving one of its members out of Deed functions.

" It includes not only the recollection of forgotten memories and experience, but also their reliving with appropriate emotional display and discharge of effect.

This cumulative effect of the errors in the Julian calendar's solar year and lunar age has led to the often-repeated, but false, belief that the Julian cycle includes an explicit rule requiring Easter always to follow Jewish Passover.

They argue that the measure " heritability " includes both a direct effect of the genotype on IQ and also indirect effects such that the genotype changes the environment, thereby affecting IQ.

The law includes health-related provisions to take effect over the next four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133 % of the federal poverty level ( FPL ), subsidizing insurance premiums for people making up to 400 % of the FPL ($ 88, 000 for family of 4 in 2010 ) so their maximum " out-of-pocket " payment for annual premiums will be from 2 % to 9. 5 % of income, providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting insurers from establishing annual coverage caps, and support for medical research.

This in effect includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.

The Japanese constitution, which went into effect on 3 May 1947 includes a bill of rights similar to the United States Bill of Rights, and the Supreme Court has the right of judicial review.

Evidence in this direction includes the effects of the co-administration of a dopamine antagonist, which is known to decrease the stimulant effect of amphetamine, but does not entirely negate the wakefulness-promoting actions of modafinil.

Stereochemistry includes methods for determining and describing these relationships ; the effect on the physical or biological properties these relationships impart upon the molecules in question, and the manner in which these relationships influence the reactivity of the molecules in question ( dynamic stereochemistry ).

It includes only those macroengineering concepts that deal with the alteration of some global parameter, such as the greenhouse effect, atmospheric composition, insolation or impact flux.

The largest effect on the continental tradition with respect to science was Martin Heidegger's critique of the theoretical attitude in general which of course includes the scientific attitude.

In most cases this also includes high levels of security for access to the facility, ensuring that only authorized personnel may be admitted to any area that may have some effect on the quality of the containment zone.

Standardized recycling labeling can also have a positive effect on supply of recyclates if the labeling includes information on how and where the product can be recycled.

It also includes a special effects dialog, including a desktop ' ripple ' effect.

The colors contained in a package have ranged from two to 200 ( although a 200-color package includes " special effect " crayons such as glitters, neons, etc .).

It includes details concerning how his share was hidden and later spent, and the effect of the life of crime on the families of the criminals.

The result is the F – D distribution of particles over these states and includes the condition that no two particles can occupy the same state, which has a considerable effect on the properties of the system.

Carl Felsenfeld and David L. Glass wrote that “ he public — which for this purpose includes most of the members of Congress ” does not understand that the investment banks and other “ shadow banking ” firms that experienced “ runs ” precipitating the financial crisis ( i. e., AIG, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch ) never became “ financial holding companies ” under the GLBA and, therefore, never exercised any new powers available through Glass-Steagall “ repeal .” They joined Jonathan R. Macey and Peter J. Wallison in noting many GLBA critics do not understand that Glass-Steagall ’ s restrictions on banks ( i. e., Sections 16 and 21 ) remained in effect and that only the affiliation provisions in Sections 20 and 32 were repealed by the GLBA.

* Ross, M. ( 1996 ) " Walnuts: a mixed blessing-can have an adverse effect on some plants: includes a listing of plants unaffected by chemicals from the walnut tree-Gardening Challenges-Cover Story ", Flower & Garden Magazine, ( August-Sept ), BNET UK website, accessed 20 April 2008

In this sense, the scope of the term immunosuppression in general includes both beneficial and potential adverse effects of decreasing the function of the immune system, whereas the term immunodeficiency in general refers solely to the adverse effect of increased risk for infection.

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia religious ecstasy ( called supernatural ecstasy ) includes two elements: one, interior and invisible, in which the mind rivets its attention on a religious subject, and another, corporeal and visible, in which the activity of the senses is suspended, reducing the effect of external sensations upon the subject and rendering him or her resistant to awakening.

This includes all Gymnasium students but only a part of vocational high schools, in effect making Gymnasium the preferred choice for all pupils aiming for university diplomas.

Dynamics includes the study of the effect of torques on motion.

An inscription of ownership on an expensive Egyptian alabaster vase once owned by the son has survived to attest the latter's short official career, and includes an unusual triple filiation which confirms the literary evidence to the effect that Clodius ' own filiation was: Ap.

One might, indeed, argue that the history of ideas, in so far as it includes the literatures, must center on characterizations of human nature and that the great periods of literary achievement may be distinguished from one another by reference to the images of human nature that they succeed in fashioning.

It includes the environment, factors and conditions that must be understood to successfully apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission.

But if the intended exploitation of the work includes publication ( or distribution of derivative work, such as a film based on a book protected by copyright ) outside the U. S., the terms of copyright around the world must be considered.

But socialization also includes adults moving into a significantly different environment, where they must learn a new set of behaviors.

( Any theory that includes conservation of energy and mass – energy equivalence must include gravitational redshift.

Such countries where it is permissible and legal, includes the Netherlands and Sweden where incestuous couples must seek government counseling before marriage.

However, any aircraft operating under VFR must have the required equipment on board, as described in FAR Part 91. 205 ( which includes instruments necessary for IFR flight ); but the view outside of the aircraft is the primary source for keeping the aircraft straight and level ( orientation ), flying where you intended to fly ( navigation ), and for not hitting anything ( separation ).

As of November 20, 2007, all foreigners entering Japan must be biometrically registered ( photograph and fingerprints ) on arrival ; this includes people living in Japan on visas as well as permanent residents, but excludes people with special permanent resident permission, diplomats, and those under 16.

While it is one of the most commonly used concepts in logic it must not be mistaken for a logical law ; rather, it is one of the accepted mechanisms for the construction of deductive proofs that includes the " rule of definition " and the " rule of substitution " Modus ponens allows one to eliminate a conditional statement from a logical proof or argument ( the antecedents ) and thereby not carry these antecedents forward in an ever-lengthening string of symbols ; for this reason modus ponens is sometimes called the rule of detachment.

Even though, read in the light of later research, much of the first volume must necessarily be relegated to the region of the mythical, nonetheless, the historian was a laborious and accomplished reader and investigator of all available authorities, as well manuscript as printed ; while the roll of names of those who aided him includes every man of note in Scotland at the time, from Sir Thomas Craig and Sir George Mackenzie to Alexander Nisbet and Thomas Ruddiman.

One must purchase a copy of Quake in order to receive the registered version of the game which includes more single player episodes and the deathmatch maps.

* Begetting includes the image and likeness of God ( Genesis ), but since God is spirit, this must mean the immaterial aspect of human beings.

The English Bill of Rights includes the proviso that arms must be as " allowed by law.

Prayer services begin with the Kol Nidrei prayer, which must be recited before sunset, and continue with the evening prayers ( Ma ' ariv or Arvith ), which includes an extended Selichot service.

Microsoft Windows also includes undocumented low-level functions and obscure bugs that Wine must duplicate precisely in order to allow some applications to work properly.

This service setting, which includes an organ part, must have been sung by the Chapel Royal Choir on major liturgical occasions in the early seventeenth century, though its limited circulation suggests that many other cathedral choirs must have found it beyond them.

The difference between a probability measure and the more general notion of measure ( which includes concepts like area or volume ) is that a probability measure must assign 1 to the entire probability space.

As a theory of the dynamic of phonological representations, autosegmental phonology includes a Well-formedness Condition on association lines ( each element on one tier that " may " be associated to an element on another tier " must " be associated to such an element, and association lines do not cross ) plus an instruction as to what to do in case of a violation of the Well-formedness Condition: add or delete the minimum number of association lines in order to maximally satisfy it.

This includes pruning, vineyard yield, the degree of pressing, and the time that wine must remain on its lees before bottling.

For example, the sentence involving Napoleon can be rewritten as “ any group of people that includes me and the parents of each person in the group must also include Napoleon ,” which is easily interpreted as a statement in second-order logic ( one would naturally start by assigning a name, such as G, to the group of people under consideration ).

In Finland, physicians willing to become ophthalmologists must undergo a five year specialization which includes practical training and theoretical studies.

The Odysseys passages contain many descriptive references to necromantic rituals: rites must be performed around a pit with fire during nocturnal hours, and Odysseus has to follow a specific recipe, which includes the blood of sacrificial animals, to concoct a libation for the ghosts to drink while he recites prayers to both the ghosts and gods of the underworld.

In order to obtain a consistent set of axioms which includes this axiom about having no parallel lines, some of the other axioms must be tweaked.