For example, Dublin has hard water well suited to making stout, such as Guinness ; while Pilsen has soft water well suited to making pale lager, such as Pilsner Urquell.

The term Greater Dublin Area, which might consist of some or all of the Dublin Region along with counties of Kildare, Meath and Wicklow, has no legal standing.

Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the writings of Ptolemy ( the Egyptian astronomer and cartographer ) in about 140 AD provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there.

Since 1997, the landscape of Dublin has changed immensely.

Dublin has more green spaces per square kilometre than any other European capital city, with 97 % of city residents living within 300 metres of a park area.

The Luas is a two-line light rail or tram network which has been operated in Dublin by Veolia Transport since 2004.

Dublin City Council began installing cycle lanes and tracks throughout the city in the 1990s, and the city has over of specific on-and off-road tracks for cyclists.

Dublinbikes is a self-service bicycle rental scheme which has been in operation in Dublin since 2009.

The National University of Ireland ( NUI ) has its seat in Dublin, which is also the location of the associated constituent university of University College Dublin ( UCD ), the largest university in Ireland with over 22, 000 students.

The Irish public administration and management training centre has its base in Dublin, the Institute of Public Administration provides a range of undergraduate and post graduate awards via the National University of Ireland and in some instances, Queen's University Belfast.

Since the late 1990s, Dublin has experienced a significant level of net immigration, with the greatest numbers coming from the European Union, especially the United Kingdom, Poland and Lithuania.

Dublin has a world famous literary history, having produced many prominent literary figures, including Nobel laureates William Butler Yeats, George Bernard Shaw and Samuel Beckett.

Dublin has long been a city with a strong underground arts scene.

Dublin also has many acclaimed dramatic, musical and operatic companies, including Festival Productions, Lyric Opera Productions, The Pioneers Musical & Dramatic Society, The Glasnevin Musical Society, Second Age Theatre Company, Opera Theatre Company, and Opera Ireland.

Perhaps the most famous Dublin theatre company is the renowned Rathmines and Rathgar Musical Society, which has been in existence since 1913.

Dublin has a vibrant nightlife and is reputedly one of Europe's most youthful cities, with an estimate of 50 % of citizens being younger than 25.

Live music is popularly played on streets and at venues throughout Dublin in general, and the city has produced several musicians and groups of international success, including U2, one member of Westlife, The Dubliners, The Thrills, Horslips, Jedward, The Boomtown Rats, Boyzone, Ronan Keating, Thin Lizzy, Paddy Casey, Sinéad O ' Connor, The Script and My Bloody Valentine.

The O < sub > 2 </ sub > venue in the Dublin Docklands has played host to many world renowned performers.

Suburban Dublin has several modern retail centres, including Dundrum Town Centre, Blanchardstown Centre, The Square in Tallaght, Liffey Valley Shopping Centre in Clondalkin, Omni Shopping Centre in Santry, Nutgrove Shopping Centre in Rathfarnham, and Pavilions Shopping Centre in Swords.

The Dublin area has several race courses including Shelbourne Park and Leopardstown.

Australian Rules Football has had a presence in the city since 1999 and there are now three clubs in the Capital ; the Dublin Demons, the South Dublin Swans and the West Dublin Saints.

Dublin grew even more dramatically during the 18th century, with the construction of many famous districts and buildings, such as Merrion Square, Parliament House and the Royal Exchange.

The Poolbeg Towers are also iconic features of Dublin and are visible in many spots around the city.

Dublin is the primary centre of education in Ireland, with three universities and many other higher education institutions.

The same area is also home to many smaller museums such as Number 29 on Fitzwilliam St. and The Little Museum of Dublin on St. Stephen's Green.

In 2007, Dublin Food Co-op relocated to a larger warehouse in The Liberties area, where it is home to many market and community events.

Dublin is the centre of both media and communications in Ireland, with many newspapers, radio stations, television stations and telephone companies based there.

At first, many members of the Dublin public were simply bewildered by the outbreak of the Rising.

The club boasts a membership of 400 senior and junior members and the club has won many Dublin Lawn Tennis Council titles, above the average for a club of their size.

As he feared, the destruction proved a pyrrhic victory for the Republic, with so many IRA men killed or captured that the IRA in Dublin suffered a severe blow.

In the 1950s Finglas was developed with extensive housing estates, to re-house many north inner-city Dublin residents.

The gardens were founded in 1795 by the Dublin Society ( later the Royal Dublin Society ) and they have grown to hold 20, 000 living plants and many millions of dried plant specimens.

With the expansion of the Irish economy in the 1990s, during the " Celtic Tiger " years, Drogheda became one of the main secondary locations for people who work in Dublin to buy a house, as property prices in the capital became prohibitive for many first-time home buyers.

He is also chairman of various international advisory boards and councils for many international companies, including Power Corp. ( Montreal ), Bombardier ( Montreal ), the China International Trust and Investment Corp. ( Beijing ), J. P. Morgan Chase and Co. ( New York ), Violy, Byorum and Partners ( New York ), VS & A Communications Partners ( New York ), Independent Newspapers ( Dublin ) and General Enterprise Management Services Limited ( British Virgin Islands ).

Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin.

The Dublin Brigade, Fianna Éireann provided many leaders in this period.

The Border Campaign by the IRA began in December 1956 and it led to Na Fianna losing many of its members, especially in Dublin.

Over the next 15 years many improvements were made but in 1849 a railway was opened from Dublin to Limerick and the number of passengers fell dramatically.

Emmet was unable to secure the help of Michael Dwyer's Wicklow rebels, and many Kildare rebels who had arrived turned back due to the scarcity of firearms they had been promised, but the rising went ahead in Dublin on the evening of 23 July 1803.

As labor migrations from Mexico and Central America shifted from the southwest U. S. to much of the southeast, many immigrants from those regions also moved to Dublin in the first decade of the 21st century.

Patchogue also boasts of having many dining locations on the Bay and right on the Patchogue River such as Lombardi's on the Bay, The Tiki Bar and Dublin Deck.