When Absalon retired from military service in 1184 at the age of fifty-seven, he resigned the command of fleets and armies to younger men, like Duke Valdemar, the later king Valdemar II.

** Valdemar Magnusson, Swedish Duke, brother of King Birger ( starved in a dungeon at Nyköpingshus )

Valdemar welcomed his election, hoping his new position could be helpful in his dispute with Duke Valdemar of Schleswig and his elder brother Canute VI of Denmark.

* Skuli Tostisson Kongsfostre ( born 1052 )-Whose great-great-granddaughter Helena Guttormsdotter was the mistress of Valdemar II of Denmark and mother of Valdemar's son Canute, Duke of Reval.

On the death of King Valdemar II in 1241, a dispute arose over the succession, which led to the island being raided by Lubeckers who took the part of one of the claimants, Knud Duke of Blekinge who was imprisoned by his brother Erik Plovpenning ( king 1241-1250 ) in Stegeborg.

George's siblings were Frederick ( who succeeded their father as King of Denmark ), Alexandra ( who became queen consort of Edward VII of the United Kingdom and the mother of King George V ), Dagmar ( who, as Empress Maria Feodorovna, was consort of Alexander III of Russia and the mother of Tsar Nicholas II ), Thyra ( who married Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale ) and Valdemar.

In opposition to this, Henry of Mecklenburg ( the son of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg ) and Ingeborg of Denmark ( another daughter of Valdemar ) in turn appointed their son, Albrecht, as a rival claimant.

On the death of King Valdemar's descendant Eric VI of Denmark in 1319, Christopher II of Denmark attempted to seize the Duchy of Schleswig, the heir of which Duke Valdemar V ( as of 1325 ) was a minor ; but Valdemar's guardian and uncle, Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg ( 1304 – 1340 ), surnamed the Great and a notable warrior, drove back the Danes and, Christopher having been expelled, succeeded in procuring the election of Duke Valdemar to the Danish throne ( as Valdemar III as of 1326 ), while Gerhard himself obtained the Duchy of Schleswig.

In 1330, Christopher II was restored to his throne and Valdemar III of Denmark abdicated his untenable kingship and returned to his former position as Duke of Schleswig which he held as Valdemar V of Schleswig.

King Valdemar IV ( Atterdag ) started to regain the kingdom part by part, and married his rival's sister Hedvig of Schleswig, the only daughter of Eric II, Duke of Schleswig.

Southern parts of Schleswig had been mortgaged to several German nobles by Duke Henry I, Duke of Schleswig ( d. 1375, a son of the former king Valdemar III of Denmark ), the last duke of that line.

In 1374, Valdemar bought large tracts of land in the province and was on the verge of starting a campaign to conquer the rest when he died on October 24, 1374 and shortly hereon Duke Henry I died in 1375.

* Duke of Estonia and Laland ( Denmark ; during, at least, reigns of Christopher II and Valdemar IV )

After Birger's death in 1266 Valdemar came into conflict with his younger brother Magnus Birgersson, Duke of Södermanland, who wanted the throne for himself.

In 1277, Valdemar managed to regain provinces in Gothenland in the southern part of the kingdom and was called the Duke of Götaland.

But on 9 June 1448, when the king came of age, Peter had to surrender his power to Afonso V. The years of conspiracy by the Duke of Braganza finally came to a head.

Aldona had two daughters, Cunigunde ( died in 1357 ), who married Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, on 1 January 1345, and Elisabeth ( died in 1361 ), who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.

These were followed by groups of infantry ( dismounted cavalry ) commanded, respectively, by the Dauphin ( later Charles V of France ), the Duke of Orléans and King Jean.

* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine ( 1643 – 1690 )

The daughters from this marriage were Cunigunde ( d. 1357 ), who was married to Louis VI the Roman, the son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Elisabeth, who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania.

She married Bogusław V, Duke of Pomerania.

She was a daughter of Henry V of Iron, Duke of Żagań and Anna of Mazovia.

Pope Martin V appointed Polish King Jogaila and Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas as vicar generals in Pskov and Veliky Novgorod in recognition of their Catholicism.

His grandfather, Thomas Francis, founder of the Carignano line of the House of Savoy, was the son of Catherine Michelle – a daughter of Philip II of Spain – and the great-grandson of the Emperor Charles V. But of more immediate consequence to Leopold I was the fact that Eugene was the second cousin of Victor Amadeus, the Duke of Savoy, a connection that the Emperor hoped might prove useful in any future confrontation with France.

Two lords – Theobald V, Count of Blois, son of the Count of Champagne, and Geoffrey, Count of Nantes ( brother of Henry II, Duke of Normandy ) – tried to kidnap Eleanor to marry her and claim her lands on Eleanor's way to Poitiers.

In 1115, Henry V awarded the territory of Eastern Franconia ( Ostfranken ) to his nephew Conrad of Hohenstaufen, who used the title " Duke of Franconia.

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

After the death of his father, he fought initially for the Neapolitan army and then for Pope Martin V and the Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti.

In 1515 George sold Friesland to the future Emperor Charles V ( then Duke of Burgundy ) for the very moderate price of 100, 000 florins.

His eldest son and heir Edward V, aged 13, would have succeeded him, but the king's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester declared his marriage to be bigamous and invalid, making all his children illegitimate.

Duke Frederick II and Conrad, the two current male Staufer, by their mother Agnes were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor ( formally known as the King of the Romans ) through a customary election, but lost to the Saxon duke Lothair of Supplinburg.

Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his sons King Henry VI and Duke Frederick V, Duke of Swabia | Frederick V of Swabia, Welfenchronik, 1167 / 79, Weingarten Abbey

* Frederick V, Duke of Swabia ( r. 1167-1170 )

* 1848 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ( d. 1914 )

# Ursula of Brandenburg ( 17 October 1488 – 18 September 1510, Güstrow ), married 16 February 1507 to Duke Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg.

# Margaret ( 29 September 1511 – 1577 ), married on 23 January 1530 George I, Duke of Pomerania and after his death in 1534 John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst.

Albert was the only son of Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, and Eilika, daughter of Magnus Billung, Duke of Saxony.

In 1158 a feud with Henry's son, Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, was interrupted by a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.

Alfonso was the son of Queen Isabella II of Spain, and allegedly, of her husband and King Consort, Francis, Duke of Cádiz.

* Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza, son of John I of Portugal.

* Afonso, Duke of Porto, son of Louis I of Portugal.

In 1229, Prince Danylo of Halych expelled Andrew's youngest son from his principality, while Frederick II, Duke of Austria started to attack the western borders of the kingdom in 1230.

The current most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who is ineligible to succeed due to the act is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the eldest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988 ; he would now be 29th in the lines of succession if he had not lost his place.

The title of Baron Abergavenny, in the Nevill family, dates from Edward Nevill, 3rd Baron Bergavenny ( d. 1476 ), who was the youngest son of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland by his second wife Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

The series follows the exploits of Richard IV's unfavoured second son Edmund, the Duke of Edinburgh ( who calls himself " The Black Adder ") in his various attempts to increase his standing with his father and his eventual quest to overthrow him.

In the years after Grey's retirement the party was led first by Lord Melbourne, a fairly traditional Whig, and then by Lord John Russell, the son of a Duke but a crusading radical, and Lord Palmerston, a renegade Irish Tory and essentially a conservative, although capable of radical gestures.

Others who were either killed or captured at the actual Battle were as follows: King Jean II ; Prince Philip ( youngest son and progenitor of the House of Valois-Burgundy ), Geoffroi de Charny, carrier of the Oriflamme, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, Walter VI, Count of Brienne and Constable of France, Jean de Clermont, Marshal of France, Arnoul d ' Audrehem, the Count of Eu, the Count of Marche and Ponthieu Jacques de Bourbon taken prisoner at the Battle and died 1361, the Count of Étampes, the Count of Tancarville, the Count of Dammartin, the Count of Joinville, Guillaume de Melun, Archbishop of Sens.

To settle the matter, it was agreed that Catherine would marry Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, who was five years younger than she was.

A son, Henry, Duke of Cornwall, was born on New Year's Day 1511.

In 1605, Charles was created Duke of York, which is customary in the case of the sovereign's second son.

As the eldest living son of the sovereign, Charles automatically gained several titles ( including Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay ), and subsequently was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester in November 1616.

:* John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford ( 1686 – 1703 ), elder son of the 1st Duke, died unmarried

* Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough ( 1706 – 1758 ), third son of Lady Sunderland

* George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough ( 1739 – 1817 ), elder son of the 3rd Duke

* George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough ( 1766 – 1840 ), elder son of the 4th Duke