In 1162 Albert accompanied Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to Italy, where he distinguished himself at the storming of Milan.

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son ( but fifth child in order of birth ) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.

Bethlehem — along with Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Sidon — was briefly ceded to the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem by a treaty between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Ayyubid Sultan al-Kamil in 1229, in return for a ten-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders.

In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of Harzburg and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor, and replaced by Frederick II.

The draining of the lake was revisited many times in history, including by Emperors Trajan and Hadrian, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the Middle Ages.

He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.

Emperor Frederick II regained the city and the church by treaty in the 13th century, while he himself was under a ban of excommunication, leading to the curious result of the holiest church in Christianity being laid under interdict.

* 1241 – Isabella of England, wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1214 )

* 1194 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1250 )

* 1250 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1194 )

First Council of Lyon ( 1245 ) deposed Emperor Frederick II and instituted a levy to support the Holy Land.

Meanwhile, a new threat arose from abroad: Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, Frederick William II of Prussia, and the King's brother Charles-Philippe, comte d ' Artois, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which considered the cause of Louis XVI as their own, demanded his absolute liberty and implied an invasion of France on his behalf if the revolutionary authorities refused its conditions.

* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.

The Council confirmed the elevation of Frederick II as Holy Roman Emperor.

* Frederick V of Austria ( 1415 – 1493 ), or Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

In 1440 he was elected German king as Frederick IV and in 1452 crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III by Pope Nicholas V. In 1452, at the age of 37, he married the 18-year-old Infanta Eleanor, daughter of King Edward of Portugal, whose dowry helped him to alleviate his debts and cement his power.

Friedrich Barbarossa was Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 to 1190.

Frederick I, also called Frederick Barbarossa, was crowned Emperor in 1155.

* Frederick I Barbarossa, king 1152-1190, Emperor after 1155

Baldwin and his advisors recognised that it was essential for Sibylla to be married to a Western nobleman in order to access support from Europe in a military crisis ; while Raymond was still regent, a marriage was arranged for Sibylla and William of Montferrat, a cousin of Louis VII of France and of Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor.

Emperor Barbarossa ordained that the city should have a ruling council of twenty members.

" The operation was named after Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire, a leader of the Third Crusade in the 12th century.

In 1153, he became papal chancellor and was the leader of the cardinals opposed to German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.

In April 1189, Clement made peace with the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.

He also brought an offer of reconciliation in 1163 to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, whom Pope Alexander III had excommunicated in 1160.

His previous dealings with Frederick Barbarossa put the church back in a friendly relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor.

He vigorously took up his predecessor's quarrels with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, including the standing dispute about the disposal of the territories of the countess Matilda of Tuscany.

The Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had promised to aid him against his revolted subjects, but the death of Eugene III at Tivoli, on 8 July 1153, prevented the fulfillment of the engagement.

Philip went on the Third Crusade ( 1189 – 1192 ) with Richard I of England and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa.

The duchy was divided up in 1180 when Duke Henry the Lion, Emperor Otto's grandson, refused to follow his cousin, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, into war in Lombardy.

* 1190: On June 10, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa drowns in the River Salef, leaving the Crusader army under the command of the rivals Philip II of France and Richard I of England, which ultimately led to the dissolution of the army.

* Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor

In 1180 Westphalia was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Barbarossa.

* June 18 – Frederick I Barbarossa is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

* The University of Bologna is granted its first privileges by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.

* September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Turkish fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V under the command of Andrea Doria.

The first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine was Conrad of Hohenstaufen who was the younger brother of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.

From 1156 the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa created an independent duchy ( Privilegium Minus ) under the House of Babenberg until its extinction, corresponding to modern Lower Austria.