In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V the right to reduce " Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers " to hereditary slavery.

This bull reaffirmed the Portuguese right to reduce infidels and the Moors to servitude by the earlier bulls Romanus Pontifex and Dum Diversas, thus reaffirming the papal consent to the enslavement of Africans.

The two papal bulls issued by Pope Nicholas V, Dum Diversas of 1452 and Romanus Pontifex of 1455, had effectively given the Portuguese the rights to acquire slaves along the African coast by force or trade.

In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting the kings of Spain and Portugal the right to reduce any " Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers " to perpetual slavery, legitimizing the slave trade as a result of war.

* June 18 – Pope Nicholas V issues the bull Dum Diversas, legitimising the colonial slave trade.

* Dum Diversas

He then granted Portugal the right to subdue and even enslave Muslims whether white or any other race, pagans and other non-Christians in the papal bull Dum Diversas ( 1452 ).

" Dum Diversas was essentially " geographically unlimited " in its application, perhaps the most important papal act relating to Portuguese colonization.

Dum Diversas provided:

Dum Diversas, along with other bulls such as Romanus Pontifex ( 1455 ), Ineffabilis et summi ( 1497 ), Dudum pro parte ( 1516 ), and Aequum reputamus ( 1534 ) document the Portuguese ius patronatus.

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# REDIRECT Dum Diversas

In 1452 Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, which granted Afonso V of Portugal the right to reduce any " Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers " to hereditary slavery.

In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, which legitimized the slave trade, at least as a result of war.

During this time, Wilson performed in a number of different bands, such as The Dum Dums and United Dirt.

The hollow point and soft-nosed bullets are both sometimes also referred to as dum-dums, so named after the British arsenal at Dum Dum, in present north Kolkata, India, where it is said jacketed, expanding bullets were first developed.

To be most correct, the term " Dum Dum Bullet " refers only to soft-point bullets, not to hollow points, though it is very common for it to be mistakenly used this way.

Bryan is also home to several companies whose products are far reaching: Ohio Art, maker of the Etch-A-Sketch and Betty Spaghetty toys, and Spangler Candy Company, makers of Dum Dum Pops and among the largest makers of candy canes in the world.

However, it is best known for two very famous products made by companies headquartered in the city -- Dum Dum suckers made by Spangler Candy Company ( as well as much of the world's candy cane production ) and the Etch A Sketch ( now manufactured in China ) made by Ohio Art Company.

His best-known motet is " Dum Transisset Sabbatum ".

* 1829-The Dum Dum Golfing Club, later Calcutta Golf Club ( and later still Royal Calcutta ) is formed.

It is run by Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum and also houses the Mad Hatter's laboratory.

Dum Dum Pop or Dum Dums is a sphere-shaped lollipop named by I. C.

Dum Dums are made from sugar and corn syrup that is cooked before coloring and flavoring are added.

It continuously changes and according to Spangler Candy Company, the mystery flavor is not limited to the current Dum Dums flavor mix.

* In the 2011 movie Captain America: The First Avenger, Neal McDonough's character Timothy " Dum Dum " Dugan is always wearing his bowler hat.

It should be noted this is the only time that the character of Dum Dum is shown in this series with an angry face, same as his Wacky Races version Ring-A-Ding.

* Dum Dum – ( Ring-A-Ding in Wacky Races ) Played stupid and is identified by a plum-colored stripe on his hat ; his catch phrases are " Here we come, Penelope!

The King of Portugal asserted that the discovery was within the bounds set forth in the papal bulls of 1452 ( Dum diversas ), 1455 ( Romanus Pontifex ), 1456 ( Inter caetera, not to be confused with the 1493 bull of the same name ), 1481 ( Aeterni regis ), and 1484.

He was a friend of the Jesuits, to whom he granted a fresh confirmation in 1550 ; and through the Papal bull, Dum sollicita of August 1552, he founded the Collegium Germanicum, and granted an annual income.

The labourer had taunted the sepoy that by biting the cartridge, he had himself lost caste, although at this time such cartridges had been issued only at Meerut and not at Dum Dum.

The former dangers reappeared under Pope Martin V ( 1281 ), and though other popes continued to favour the order, it was not definitively approved until Pope Benedict XI issued the Bull " Dum levamus " ( February 11, 1304 ).

She had more hits with the more pop-based songs " That's All You Gotta Do " ( No. 6 ), " Emotions " ( No. 7 ), " You Can Depend on Me " ( No. 6 ), " Dum Dum " ( No. 4 ), 1962's " Break It to Me Gently " ( No. 2 ), " Everybody Loves Me But You " ( No. 6 ), and " As Usual " ( No. 12 ).

* The Last Dragon ( 1985 ), in the Sum Dum Goy fortune cookie company in New York's Chinatown sits another Clairtone 7980 / Conion C-100F / Helix HX-4635 on top of some boxes, an HGM International used by breakdancing kids in a movie theater that gets broken, and a Toshiba RT-150 on the lap of an urban youth

Heineken, Target and Macy ’ s have used songs from The Orchard ’ s catalogue in their advertisements ; The Black Angels and The Raveonettes were featured on True Blood, Frankie Avalon ’ s “ Venus ” was played on Dexter and both the Dum Dum Girls ’ “ Coming Down ” and Kina Grannis ’ “ The One You Say Goodnight To ” were heard on season 5 of Gossip Girl ; and songs distributed by The Orchard that have made it into film soundtracks include The Red Army Choir of Alexandrov ’ s “ Soviet National Anthem ” in X-Men: First Class, Frankie Avalon ’ s classic “ Swingin ’ on a Rainbow ” in The Help and Macon Greyson ’ s “ Black Light ” in The Wrestler.

The choir's recordings include two discs of Palestrina on the Hyperion label – the Missa Hodie Christus Natus Est with motets for Advent and Christmas, and the Missa Dum Complerentur with Pentecost motets and plainchant.

Dum Dums ' debut single, " Everything ", produced by Steve Power was released on 28 February 2000.

Works attributed to Pérotin include the four-voice Viderunt omnes and Sederunt principes ; the three-voice Alleluia, Posui adiutorium, Alleluia, Nativitas, and nine others attributed to him by contemporary scholars on stylistic grounds, all in the organum style ; the two-voice Dum sigillum summi Patris, and the monophonic Beata viscera in the conductus style.

* " Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum " features as the opening song on Bob Dylan's 2001 album Love and Theft.

Snoozy has the blue stripe on his hat, and leans over when upright, with his head on Dum Dum's shoulder.

On 3 October 2009, Sinha appeared on Sony Entertainment Television Asia's show Dus Ka Dum season 2 as host for a special episode.

Over the years, acts such as the Manic Street Preachers, Teenage Fanclub, Snow Patrol, Doves, Primal Scream, Queens Of The Stone Age, The Futureheads, The View, Jamie T, Dum Dums, Wheatus, Goldfinger and the Pet Shop Boys have all performed on the stage.

Following the accident she returned to the United States, where she collaborated with musician / songwriter, Jackie DeShannon on a string of hits, including Brenda Lee's " Dum Dum " and " Heart In Hand ," The Fleetwoods ' " He's The Great Imposter ", and Irma Thomas's " Breakaway ".

The society is also highly reliant on the use of robots at all levels, with three class of robots being used: Dum robots are for menial work and are unable to speak ; Voc robots are the next level up and can speak and have limited reasoning capabilities ; Super-Voc robots are the most advanced robots, and can be used to monitor complex activities including the day to day activities of other, lower class robots.