* 1709 – Bartolomeu de Gusmão demonstrates the lifting power of hot air in an audience before the King of Portugal in Lisbon, Portugal

Afonso I ( 25 June 1109, Guimarães or Viseu – 6 December 1185, Coimbra ), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (), nicknamed " the Conqueror " (), " the Founder " () or " the Great " () by the Portuguese, and El-Bortukali (" the Portuguese ") and Ibn-Arrik (" son of Henry ", " Henriques ") by the Moors whom he fought, was the first King of Portugal.

He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death, in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.

Meanwhile, King Alfonso VII of León ( Afonso's cousin ) regarded the independent ruler of Portugal as nothing but a rebel.

In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum, Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent crown with the right to conquer lands from the Moors.

Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

o Bolonhês ), King of Portugal ( 5 May 1210 in Coimbra – 16 February 1279 in Alcobaça, Coimbra or Lisbon ) was the first to use the title King of Portugal and the Algarve, from 1249.

He was the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Urraca of Castile ; he succeeded his brother, King Sancho II of Portugal, who was removed from the throne on 4 January 1248.

As the second son of King Afonso II of Portugal, Afonso was not expected to inherit the throne, which was destined to go to his elder brother Sancho.

Afonso IV (; 8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357 ), called the Brave (), was King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death.

He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal by his wife Elizabeth of Aragon.

The first-born of this union, Infanta Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal, was promised to another Castilian infanta, Constance of Peñafiel.

Civil war between King Pedro of Castile and his half-brother Henry of Trastámara led to the exile of many Castilian nobles to Portugal.

Afonso V (, originally Affonso ) KG ( 15 January 1432 – 28 August 1481 ), called the African (), was King of Portugal and the Algarves.

Afonso was born in Sintra, the eldest son of King Edward of Portugal by his wife, Eleanor of Aragon.

After the indecisive < ref name =" British historian Townsend Miller "> British historian Townsend Miller: “ But, if the outcome of < nowiki > battle of </ nowiki > Toro, militarily, is debatable, there is no doubt whatsoever as to its enormous psychological and political effects ” in The battle of Toro, 1476, in History Today, volume 14, 1964, p. 270 </ ref > Battle of Toro in 1476 against King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the husband of Isabella I of Castile, he went to France to obtain the assistance of Louis XI, but finding himself deceived by the French monarch, he returned to Portugal in 1477 in very low spirits.

King Sebastian of Portugal is killed in the battle, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir.

Meanwhile, the King of Bohemia, who held the ancient imperial office of Arch-Cupbearer, asserted his right to participate in elections.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

Although King stated that he had no personal interest in video games as a hobby, he criticized the proposed law, which he sees as an attempt by politicians to scapegoat pop culture, and to act as surrogate parents to others ' children, which he asserted is usually " disastrous " and " undemocratic ".

Unlike World War I, however, when Canada was automatically at war as soon as Britain joined, King asserted Canadian autonomy by waiting until September 10, a full week after Britain's declaration, when a vote in the House of Commons took place, to support the government's decision to declare war.

When in 1376 Charles IV asserted Wenceslaus ' election as King of the Romans by the prince-electors, two of seven votes, those of Brandenburg and Bohemia, were held by the emperor and his son themselves.

He charged that King James had uttered a " solemn lie " when he asserted that he was the first Christian monarch to have discovered the land.

He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France.

After Belgium asserted its independence from the Netherlands on 4 October 1830, the Belgian National Congress considered several candidates and eventually asked Leopold to become King of the newly-formed country.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, several scholars asserted that Asser's biography of King Alfred was not authentic, but a forgery.

Opponents of the plan, favoring remaining under direct King County government, asserted fears that increased density and higher taxes would result from annexation despite proponents showing studies that taxes and fees would be unchanged.

Various writers have asserted that this chapter supports a historical basis for King Arthur and have tried to identify the twelve battles with historical feuds or locales ( see Sites and places associated with Arthurian legend ).

Two years later, Niebuhr defended King ’ s decision to speak out against the Vietnam War, calling him ‘‘ one of the greatest religious leaders of our time .’’ Niebuhr asserted: ‘‘ Dr.

King Tvrtko asserted pretensions to the Serbian throne and the heritage of the Nemanjić dynasty.

Roughly three months before announcing his resignation, he asserted that as provost he was responsible for ensuring that the academic program at King ’ s “ remains firmly in the Protestant, evangelical tradition .” But according to official documents, King ’ s is a nondenominational Christian college.

The current version of the Order was founded in 1687 by King James VII of Scotland ( also known as James II of England and Ireland ) who asserted that he was reviving an earlier Order.

From at least the 12th century the Glastonbury area was frequently associated with the legend of King Arthur, a connection promoted by medieval monks who asserted that Glastonbury was Avalon.

Tvrtko again forgot about his loyalty to the Hungarian King and asserted the throne with the title by the mercy of God Lord of many lands, Bosnia, and Soli and Usora and the Lower Edges and the Drina and the Hum Lord.

With regard to these examples of the Munich school, it was asserted that Kaulbach had been unfortunate alike in having found Cornelius for a master and King Louis for a patron, that he attempted subjects far beyond him, believing that his admiration for them was the same as inspiration ; and supplied the lack of real imagination by “ a compound of intellect and fancy .” Nevertheless in such compositions as the “ Destruction of Jerusalem ” and the “ Battle of the Huns ” Kaulbach shows creative imagination.

However, Canadian anger gradually subsided, and almost two decades would pass before the Government of Canada fully asserted its independence in setting foreign policy, as signified by the Dominion being separate signatory at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, and the first articulation of a distinct foreign policy by the government of William Lyon Mackenzie King during the Chanak Crisis in 1922.

: Being very handsome in his person, and of a tall stature, his lordship one day attended King William's court, and being admitted into the presence-chamber, asserted the privilege of being covered before his majesty, by walking to and fro with his hat on his head.

( One asserted that King George III fought back tears when he heard of the " mercy " that had been shown to his troops ).

With regard to the English constitution, he asserted, in his Freeholders Grand Inquest touching our Sovereign Lord the King and his Parliament ( 1648 ), that the Lords give counsel only to the king, that the Commons are to perform and consent only to the ordinances of parliament, and that the king alone is the maker of laws which derive their power purely from his will.

< sup > 1 </ sup > Sophia has often, but erroneously, been asserted to have been mistress of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland: in fact, she was his half-sister.

Historians generally credit João Faras-astronomer and physician of King Manuel I of Portugal who accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral in the discovery of Brazil in 1500-for being the first European to depict it correctly.

Pius II succeeded in reconciling the Emperor and the King of Hungary, and derived great encouragement as well as pecuniary advantage from the discovery of mines of alum in the papal territory at Tolfa.

As Banks's influence increased, he became an adviser to King George III and urged the monarch to support voyages of discovery to new lands, hoping to indulge his own interest in botany.

Harold's strong association with Bosham, his birthplace, and the discovery in 1954 of an Anglo-Saxon coffin in the church there, has led some to suggest it as the place of King Harold's burial.

The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, he underwent a pneumonectomy where his left lung was removed following the discovery of a malignant tumour.

Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu, Directeur des Ports et Arsenaux, stated in the draft of the memorandum on the expedition he submitted to the King: “ the utility which may result from a voyage of discovery ... has made me receptive to the views put to me by Mr. Bolts relative to this enterprise ”.

The Pillars appear as supporters of the coat of arms of Spain, originating from the famous impresa of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, who was King of Spain in the years following the discovery of the Americas.

Alternatively, it has been suggested that " its purpose, though crudely handled, is to explain to Gilgamesh ( and the reader ) the various fates of the dead in the Afterlife " and in " an awkward attempt to bring closure ", it both connects the Gilgamesh of the epic with the Gilgamesh who is the King of the Netherworld, and is " a dramatic capstone whereby the twelve-tablet epic ends on one and the same theme, that of " seeing " (= understanding, discovery, etc.

After discovery of gold on Lynx Creek in the spring of 1863, the Dewey area was settled around the summer 1863 by pioneer prospector, rancher and Indian-fighter King Woolsey ( 1832 – 1879 ), who founded the Agua Fria Ranch, then better known as " Woolsey Valley ," to supply the miners.

The discovery of the burial is described by chroniclers, notably Gerald of Wales, as being just after King Henry II's reign when the new abbot of Glastonbury, Henry de Sully, commissioned a search of the abbey grounds.

Gerald, a constant supporter of royal authority, in his account of the discovery clearly aims to destroy the idea of the possibility of King's Arthur's messianic return: " Many tales are told and many legends have been invented about King Arthur and his mysterious ending.

It is most famous for the prehistoric monument of Stonehenge which is in its parish, and for the discovery of the Amesbury Archer — dubbed the King of Stonehenge in the press — in 2002.

The paper has reported the desert discovery of the long-lost King Nine, which had not returned to base from a mission during the war.

** Had been won by " The King Is Coming ," Bill and Gloria Gaither before the GMA vacated all awards after the discovery of the voting irregularities.

As King, he presided over the discovery of petroleum in Saudi Arabia in 1938 and the beginning of large-scale oil exploitation after World War II.

The discovery that the poet had printed secretly 1500 copies of The Patriot King, caused him to publish a correct version in 1749, and stirred up a further altercation with Warburton, who defended his friend against Bolingbroke's bitter aspersions, the latter, whose conduct was generally reprehended, publishing a Familiar Epistle to the most Impudent Man Living.

The next day a supply ship under the command of either Gaspar de Lemos or André Gonçalves ( the sources conflict on who was sent ) returned to Portugal to apprise the King of the discovery.

The discovery prompted King County Director of Elections Dean Logan to order his staff to search the computers to see if any other ballots had been incorrectly rejected.

At Glastonbury Abbey in 1291, at a time when King Edward I desired to emphasize his " Englishness " a fortunate discovery was made: the coffin of King Arthur, unmistakably identified with an inscribed plaque.

In 1721, on the discovery of the plot for the capture of the royal family and the proclamation of King James, Atterbury was arrested with the other chief malcontents, and in 1722 committed to the Tower of London, where he remained in close confinement during some months.

of the King as showcased by the discovery of the Iron Cupboard, proving that the king was duplicitous.

On December 2, 1970, Leloir received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry from the King of Sweden for his discovery of the metabolic pathways in lactose, becoming only the third Argentine to receive the prestigious honor in any field.

Many objects were soon exchanged, and travelled as far as Guangzhou in the East, as suggested by the discovery of a Persian box and various artifacts from Central Asia in the 122 BCE tomb of King Zhao Mo of Nanyue.

Seonhwa's existence is controversial due to the discovery of evidence that points to King Uija's mother as being Queen Sataek, and not Seonhwa as indicated by historical records.