During World War I, the Armenian Genocide, the Greek genocide ( especially in Pontus ), and the Assyrian Genocide almost entirely removed the ancient communities of Armenian and Assyrian populations in Anatolia, as well as a large part of its ethnic Greek population.

During the Julio-Claudian period, the Temple of Rome and Augustus, a small, round edifice, about 23 meters from the Parthenon, was to be the last significant ancient construction on the summit of the rock.

During ancient times Aegina was a rival to Athens, the great sea power of the era.

During the few years after its foundation the British Museum received several further gifts, including the Thomason Collection of Civil War Tracts and David Garrick's library of 1, 000 printed plays, but yet contained few ancient relics recognisable to visitors of the modern museum.

During the social and cultural climate of the ancient Eastern Jin Dynasty ( 316-420 AD ) based at Nanjing in the south, painting became one of the official pastimes of Confucian-taught bureaucratic officials and aristocrats ( along with music played by the guqin zither, writing fanciful calligraphy, and writing and reciting of poetry ).

During this time, Jews have experienced slavery, anarchic and theocratic self-government, conquest, occupation, and exile ; in the Diasporas, they have been in contact with and have been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, and Hellenic cultures, as well as modern movements such as the Enlightenment ( see Haskalah ) and the rise of nationalism, which would bear fruit in the form of a Jewish state in the Levant.

During the Livonian Crusade, ancient Livonia was colonized by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, later called the Livonian Order, and the name Livonia came to designate a much broader territory: Terra Mariana on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea, in present-day Latvia and Estonia.

To eliminate any possible doubts, Nichiren decided to spend some time at Mount Kōya, the centre of esoteric Buddhism, and also in Nara, Japan ’ s ancient capital, where he studied the Ritsu sect, which emphasized strict monastic discipline and ordination. During this time, he became convinced of the pre-eminence of the Lotus Sutra and in 1253, returned to Seichoji.

During the Roman periods it was renowned as the largest temple in Greece and housed one of the largest cult statues in the ancient world.

During the Warring States era of ancient China, there is both textual and archaeological evidence of prolonged sieges and siege machinery used against the defenders of city walls.

During allopatric ( from the ancient Greek allos, " other " + Greek patrā, " fatherland ") speciation, a population splits into two geographically isolated populations ( for example, by habitat fragmentation due to geographical change such as mountain building ).

* During a voyage to Greece, Hadrian is initiated in the ancient rites known as the Eleusinian Mysteries.

During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility.

During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading peoples from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural habour of Palermo.

During the Iron Age, in the ancient Middle East and Mediterranean,

During Gudi Padva, which is the New Year in the state of Maharashtra, the ancient practice of drinking a small quantity of neem juice or paste on that day, before starting festivities, is found.

During the second year of the Peloponnesian War ( 430 BC ), the city-state of Athens in ancient Greece was hit by a devastating epidemic, known as the Plague of Athens, which killed, among others, Pericles and his two elder sons.

During this period the Muslim world was a cauldron of cultures which collected, synthesized and significantly advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Roman, Chinese, Indian, Persian, Egyptian, North African, Greek and Byzantine civilizations.

During these periods, Canaanites profited from their intermediary position between the ancient civilisations of the Middle East — Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia ( Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia ), the Hittites, and Minoan Crete — to become city states of merchant princes along the coast, with small kingdoms specializing in agricultural products in the interior.

During its recorded history the physical features and environment of the land now called Tunisia have remained fairly constant ; however, there were differences, e. g., the northern forests during ancient times reportedly grew more abundantly, the land being perhaps watered better.

During late 19th century Germany and Vienna, symbolism from ancient Greece was reinterpreted through a new Freudian prism.

During the Mycenaean period ( 1500 – 1100 BC ), Ithaca rose to the highest level of its ancient history.

During the ancient Hellenic prime ( 800 – 180 BC ), independent organized life continued in the northern and southern part of the island.

During the Archaic period, the population of Greece grew beyond the capacity of its limited arable land ( according to one estimate, the population of ancient Greece increased by a factor larger than ten during the period from 800 BC to 400 BC, increasing from a population of 800, 000 to a total estimated population of 10 to 13 million ).

During Virgil's time Aeneas was well-known and various versions of his adventures were circulating in Rome, including Roman Antiquities by Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( relying on Marcus Terentius Varro, Ab Urbe Condita by Livy ( probably dependent on Quintus Fabius Pictor, fl.

During the fourth century, the Roman emperors commonly employed foederati: Germanic irregular troops under Roman command, but organized by tribal structures.

During the Hellenization of Latin literature, the myths of Ares were reinterpreted by Roman writers under the name of Mars.

During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, many of the existing buildings in the area of the Acropolis were repaired, due to damage from age, and occasionally, war.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

During a visit of a delegation of Roman Catholic cardinals in Manhattan in January 2004, he said that “ a meeting like this doesn't signify in itself a breakthrough ”, and called for “ a theological dialogue that asks the tough questions, such as whether Catholicism allows for Jews to enter eternal paradise .”

During the final decades of imperial rule, the troops were supplied by Germanic chieftains employed by the Roman administration.

During the days of the Roman Empire, the settlement of Augusta Raurica was founded 10 or 20 kilometres upstream of present Basel, and a castle was built on the hill overlooking the river where the Basel Münster now stands.

During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete ( or opus caementicium ) was made from quicklime, pozzolana and an aggregate of pumice.

During the Counter-Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church searched for religious art with which to counter the threat of Protestantism, and for this task the artificial conventions of Mannerism, which had ruled art for almost a century, no longer seemed adequate.

During these years, she involved herself in a renowned literary debate, the “ Querelle du Roman de la Rose ”.

During the second encounter, Roman forces seized Narseh's camp, his treasury, his harem, and his wife.

During the Roman Empire, legionaries were issued a pugio ( from the Latin pugnō, or “ fight ”), a double-edged iron thrusting dagger with a blade of 7-12 inches.

During his campaigns, El Cid often ordered that books by classic Roman and Greek authors on military themes be read aloud to him and his troops, for both entertainment and inspiration before battle.

During the 13th century Thomas Aquinas adopted the Aristotelian position that the senses are essential to mind into scholasticism, making it a dogma of Roman Catholic belief.

During the first part of his reign Honorius depended on the military leadership of the general Stilicho, who had been appointed by Theodosius and was of mixed Vandal and Roman ancestry.

During Guido's tenure in this office, Paschal II yielded to the military threats of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, and was induced to issue the Privilegium in the year 1111.

During the autumn of 169 AD when Roman troops were returning to Aquileia, the great plague broke out and the emperor summoned Galen back to Rome.

During each of the next two years, he led his 8-legion army into Germany against the coalition of tribes led by Arminius, which had successfully overthrown Roman rule in a rebellion in 9.

During the Thirty Years ' War, George William tried to remain neutral between the Roman Catholic forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Protestant principalities.

During the later years of the Roman Empire, the Germanic peoples of northern Europe grew in strength to rival the Empire itself, and repeated organized attacks led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period, and the start of the middle ages.