During 1996, however, the economy collapsed due to an unstable and decentralised banking system, a wave of hyperinflation throughout several countries of Eastern Europe, and slow reforms, which led to an inflation rate of 311 % and the collapse of the lev.

During a period of hyperinflation, bank runs, loans for 24-hour periods, switching to alternate currencies, the return to use of gold or silver or even barter become common.

During the height of hyperinflation in 1992 – 1993, the Central Bank actually tried to derail reforms by actively printing money during a period of inflation.

During the presidency of Alan García, the economy had entered a period of hyperinflation and the political system was in crisis due to the country's internal conflict, leaving Peru in " economic and political chaos ".

During an attempt to tackle spiraling hyperinflation in 2007, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe increased interest rates for borrowing to 800 %.

During the period of hyperinflation of the early 1990s, the ruble was significantly devalued.

During the 1920s, Weimar Germany experienced two major economic crises, the hyperinflation of the early 1920s and the Great Depression beginning in 1929.

During the period of circulation of the austral, Argentina suffered from hyperinflation.

During Marx's terms, he managed to stabilise the German economy after the hyperinflation of 1923 by introducing a new currency and abolish the jury trial with the Emminger Reform.

During Israel's hyperinflation in the 1970s and 1980s, the Jordanian currency provided stability.

During the 1980s, Argentina, like many Latin American economies, experienced hyperinflation.

During the hyperinflation, ever higher denominations of banknotes were issued by the Reichsbank and other institutions ( notably the Reichsbahn railway company ).

During such a long time span, there would be a great probability of catastrophic events ( like theft, embezzlement, hyperinflation or even a national bankruptcy ), all of which, in effect, potentially wiping out the entire investment.

During the currency of ephemeris time as a standard, the details were revised a little.

During the 19th century, the bimetallism that prevailed in most countries was undermined by the discovery of large deposits of silver in the Americas ; fearing a sharp decrease in the value of silver and thus the currency, most states switched to a gold standard by 1900.

During the Serbia and Montenegro period, both republics had separate central banks, different currencies-Montenegro first used the Deutsche Mark, then the euro when it replaced the Deutsch Mark, while Serbia used the Serbian dinar as official currency.

During World War Two, the Swiss franc was the only remaining major freely convertible currency in the world, and both the Allies and the Germans sold large amounts of gold to the Swiss National Bank.

During this time China, a country with large holdings of US dollar foreign exchange reserves, voiced its displeasure at the current international monetary system promoting measures that would allow the SDR to " fully satisfy the member countries ' demand for a reserve currency ".

During the past decade since 2001, the Turkish lira has also gained a considerable amount of value and maintained its stability, becoming an internationally exchangeable currency once again ( in line with the inflation that dropped to single-digit figures since 2003.

During this period, Montenegro rejected the dinar and adopted the Deutsche Mark ( now replaced by the euro ) as its official currency.

During the Kenneth Kaunda regime the value of the currency was fixed at a rate of approximately 1. 2 kwacha to 1 USD.

During his reign, Mobutu built a highly centralized state and amassed a large personal fortune through economic exploitation and corruption, leading some to call his rule “ kleptocracy .” The nation suffered from uncontrolled inflation, a large debt, and massive currency devaluations.

During the era of the command economy, the value of the renminbi was set to unrealistic values in exchange with western currency and severe currency exchange rules were put in place.

During his campaign, López Portillo promised to defend the peso " like a dog ", López Portillo refused to devalue the currency saying " The president who devalues, devalues himself.

During the economic hard times in the 1830s and 1840s, there was an exodus of population from South Mississippi, principally to Texas, and the slogan " GTT " (" Gone to Texas ") came into currency.

During the 1930s, the Soviet government under Joseph Stalin began selling art treasures and other valuables seized from the Romanov family and other Russian citizens after the Russian revolution in order to earn hard currency for its industrialization and military armament programs.

During the latter years of its currency, the patent belonged to an unincorporated company, The Proprietors of the Invention for raising water by fire.

During the Great Depression in 1933, the kroon went off the gold standard, devalued 35 % and obtained a currency peg with the Great Britain Pound ( GBP ) at 1 GBP = 18. 35 kroon.

During the lifetime of this currency, the first money of the Soviet Union was issued.

During the 1990s, Modula-3 gained considerable currency as a teaching language, but it was never widely adopted for industrial use.

During the period of Turkish currency three different newspaper wrappers were issued in 1899, 1900 and 1908.

During the Civil War, to finance the war the U. S. switched from bimetallism to a fiat money currency.

During his short time in office, he announced the creation of a new currency, the argentino ( not backed up by reserve currency but by the real estate properties of the nation ), to remedy the shortage of cash caused by the economic crisis.

During his government the country was affected by one of the worst economic crisis in its history, generated by the bankruptcy of three major commercial banks in the country, which resulted in high inflation, high country risk rating, currency devaluation and increasing local poverty.

During this period, he oversaw the introduction of the Latvian rublis, Latvia's temporary transition currency, and the Lats, independent Latvia's new currency.

During 1996, however, the economy collapsed due to the Bulgarian Socialist Party's slow and mismanaged economic reforms and an unstable and decentralised banking system, which led to an inflation rate of 311 % and the collapse of the lev.

During 1992-98, annual inflation fell from more than 100 % to 5 %, and foreign exchange reserves jumped to more than $ 6 billion from $ 1. 4 billion.

During this period, Paraguay experienced the worst inflation in all of Latin America, averaging over 100 percent annually in the 1950s.

" During the subsequent Howard Government ( 1996 – 2007 ), Keating often criticised Howard for taking credit for the relatively good economic conditions Australia experienced over the latter half of Howard's time as prime minister, without acknowledging that the 1990s recession ended the inflation problem.

During the late 1950s, Powell promoted control of the money supply to prevent inflation and, during the 1960s, was an advocate of free market policies, which at the time were seen as extreme and unworkable was unpopular.

During the Seventies West Germany was able to weather the global financial storm far better than almost all the other developed countries, with unemployment and inflation kept at comparatively low levels.

During Toledo's five years as president, Peru's economy experienced 47 consecutive months of growth and grew at an average rate of 6 % per year while inflation averaged 1. 5 % and the deficit sank as low as 0. 2 % of GDP.

During the 1970s, this story had to be modified, because ( as the late Abba Lerner had suggested in the 1940s ) workers try to keep up with inflation.

During the 1870s and 1880s, the Greenback Party existed for the primary purpose of advocating an increased circulation of United States Notes as a way of creating inflation according to the quantity theory of money.

During the war the supplying of the army in the field had caused an artificial inflation of trade, and the Sprigg ministry had pursued a policy of extravagant expenditure not warranted by the finances of the colony.

During inflation, the universe violates the stronger dominant energy condition ( but not the weak energy condition ), and inflationary cosmologies avoid the initial big-bang singularity, rounding them out to a smooth beginning.

During his second term Peru averaged seven percent GDP growth a year, held inflation below three percent annually and collated Peru's foreign exchange reserves at US $ 47 billion ; however his tenureship also resulted in increased environment damage according to critics and increased social conflict, according to the national human rights ombudsman's office.

During the period of his governance, official data presented inflation as having decreased from 15 % to 3 %, public deficits diminished from 14 % to 3 %, GDP increasing at an annual average of 4 % and factual labor incomes having increased at a rate of 3 % per year.

During the economic crisis in the 1970s, many restaurants found that they were having to incur costs from having to reprint the menu as inflation caused prices to increase.

During times of deflation ( during part of 2009 ), the negative inflation portion can wipe out the return of the fixed portion, but the combined rate cannot go below 0 % and the bond will not lose value.

During the post-war period, Taiwan was lacking in goods and materials, the economy was depressed, and inflation was severe.

During the " price revolution " of the 16th century, when inflation took off, there were price increases of around 500 % from the end of the 15th century to the close of the 17th.

During an EconTalk podcast Taylor explained the rule in simple terms using three variables: inflation rate, GDP growth, and the interest rate.

During the communist era, the gold standard was dropped after requiring severe adjustments to prevent inflation following the revaluations.