During the 1930s and 1940s Joseph Stalin's NKVD carried out numerous assassinations outside of the Soviet Union, such as the killings of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists leader Yevhen Konovalets, Ignace Poretsky, Fourth International secretary Rudolf Klement, Leon Trotsky, and the Workers ' Party of Marxist Unification ( POUM ) leadership in Catalonia.

During the 1940s Haley was considered one of the top cowboy yodelers in America as " Silver Yodeling Bill Haley ".

During the 1940s and 50s the attendance was often above 40, 000, and Charlton had one of the largest support bases in the country.

During the 1940s Alston also took occasional art classes studying under Alexander Kostellow.

During the 1930s and early 1940s, Alston created illustrations for magazines such as Fortune, Mademoiselle, The New Yorker, Melody Maker and others.

During the 1940s and 1950s, Casablanca was a major centre of anti-French rioting.

During the 1940s The Living Theatre, Theatre of the Absurd, and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a place where aspiring playwrights and emerging voices could showcase their work.

During the late 1930s and through the 1940s — the heyday of big band jazz and swing music — the guitar was an important rhythm section instrument.

During the 1940s, Cousteau is credited with improving the aqua-lung design which gave birth to the open-circuit scuba technology used today.

During the 1940s, Kirby, generally teamed with Simon, created numerous characters for that company and for the company that would become DC Comics.

During the 1940s, English knitting rose in popularity while Continental knitting fell.

During the 1940s and 1950s, critics focused on the technique of the poem and how it relates to the meaning.

During the late 1940s and into the 1950s, a production unit at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer headed by Arthur Freed made the transition from old-fashioned musical films, whose formula had become repetitive, to something new.

During the late 1940s Jackson Pollock's radical approach to painting revolutionized the potential for all contemporary art that followed him.

During the latter half of the 1940s, Friedman began a collaboration with Anna Schwartz, an economic historian at the Bureau, that would ultimately result in the 1963 publication of a book co-authored by Friedman and Schwartz, A Monetary History of the United States, 1867 – 1960.

During this period, the logo of the club was the Beer Barrel Man, which had been used by the American Association Milwaukee Brewers since at least the 1940s.

During the 20th century the tradition was reinvigorated by Captain America and his fellow Invaders in the 1940s, who fought for the Allies of World War II.

During the 1930s and 1940s, the state passed labor laws, implemented agrarian reform, and assumed a role in modernization, influenced in part by the leadership of Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina and Getúlio Dornelles Vargas in Brazil.

During the 1930s and 1940s, Heinlein was deeply interested in Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics and attended a number of seminars on the subject.

During the early 1940s, Rickenbacker amps were sometimes repaired by Leo Fender, whose repair shop evolved into the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company.

During the 1930s and 1940s, Jews in Nazi-controlled states were made to wear yellow ribbons or stars of David, and were, along with Romas ( Gypsies ), discriminated against by the racial laws.

During the 1940s and 1950s, Frederick Terman, as dean of engineering and provost, encouraged faculty and graduates to start their own companies.

During the 1930s and 1940s, Coarsegold and Bass Lake were still populated with descendants of the miners and ranchers of the 19th century.

During the first half of the 1940s, Charteris cast Templar as a willing operative of the American government, fighting Nazi interests in the U. S. during World War II.

During most of the late 1930s and early 1940s Milligan performed as an amateur jazz vocalist and trumpeter before, during and after being called up for military service in the fight against Nazi Germany, but even then he wrote and performed comedy sketches as part of concerts to entertain troops.

During the 1950s there were as many as 25,000 schools in the Congo.

During the early 1950s the board was divided on whether to defend communists persecuted under McCarthyism.

During the late 1950s it was sought by two rail historians, George Horn and Martin Schachne, but they did not gain access to the tunnel itself.

During the 1950s, the National Football League had grown to rival Major League Baseball as one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the United States.

During the 1950s, however, Graham began distancing himself from the older fundamentalism and, in preparation for his 1957 New York Crusade, he sought broad ecumenical sponsorship.

During his early journalism career, Marker became increasingly interested in filmmaking and experimented with photography in the early 1950s.

During the late 1950s and early 1960s Brubeck canceled several concerts because the club owners or hall managers continued to resist the idea of an integrated band on their stages.

During the 1950s, Kaye visited Australia, where he played " Buttons " in a production of Cinderella in Sydney.

During World War II and through the 1950s, high frequency (" short wave ") radio was widely used for military and diplomatic communication, and could be intercepted at great distances.

During the 1950s and 1960s, Peter van de Kamp of Swarthmore College made another prominent series of detection claims, this time for planets orbiting Barnard's Star.

During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, several events occurred which raised the public awareness of harm to the environment caused by man.

During the 1950s and 1960s, the electric guitar became the most important instrument in pop music.

During Japanese cinema's ' Golden Age ' of the 1950s, successful films included Rashomon ( 1950 ), Seven Samurai ( 1954 ) and The Hidden Fortress ( 1958 ) by Akira Kurosawa, as well as Yasujirō Ozu's Tokyo Story ( 1953 ) and Ishirō Honda's Godzilla ( 1954 ).

During Indian cinema's ' Golden Age ' of the 1950s, it was producing 200 films annually, while Indian independent films gained greater recognition through international film festivals.

During the 1950s and 60s, Afghanistan was able to use the Russian and American need for allies during the Cold War as a way to receive economic assistance from both countries.

During his career as a director, he retained an early ambition to teach science, and after his career declined in the 1950s he made some educational TV films related to science subjects.

During World War II, the urgent need for cheap, available food preservatives led to it being used again, but it was finally banned in the 1950s.

During the 1950s, when the independence of Ghana was in sight, demands grew for a separate Ewe state, an idea that Kwame Nkrumah, leader of the Gold Coast independence movement, opposed.

During the early 1950s, Groucho described his perfect woman: “ Someone who looks like Marilyn Monroe and talks like George S. Kaufman .”

During the late 1950s, high-stakes games such as Twenty One and The $ 64, 000 Question began a rapid rise in popularity.

During the 1950s — as a result of these improvements and the strong international export prices — beef, cotton, and coffee became significant export products for the first time.

During the later 1950s, Great Britain emerged as a producer of horror films.

During the 1950s, Holden dominated the Australian car market.

During the 1950s and 1960s the skyline of London altered dramatically as tower blocks were erected, although these later proved unpopular.