During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for liberal politics.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics.

During much of the 1970s Roma's appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic.

During their heyday from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, most BBSes were run as a hobby free of charge by the system operator ( or " SysOp "), while other BBSes charged their users a subscription fee for access, or were operated by a business as a means of supporting their customers.

During the 1970s the Air Force was at the apogee of its power, possessing at least 500 modern combat aircraft in its inventory.

During the early 1970s, Manchester United were no longer competing among the top teams in England, and at several stages were battling against relegation.

During the Orioles ' heyday in the 1970s, a club song, appropriately titled " Orioles Magic ", was composed, and played when the team ran out until Opening Day of 2008.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the site hosted Creative Time's landmark Art on the Beach sculpture exhibitions.

During the 1970s, he made guest-appearances on TV series such as Ironside, Insight, Barbary Coast, The Love Boat, Medical Center, four episodes of Love, American Style, Fantasy Island, and two episodes each of The Streets of San Francisco, and Rod Serling's Night Gallery.

" During the 1970s, widely different methods began to be seen as part of a new emerging discipline of computational chemistry.

During the 1970s the " small press " culture grew and diversified.

During the 1970s and 1980s it was also used to test the ability of containers of radioactive material to withstand impacts and other accidents.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the Bengals were a perennial playoff contender and they won AFC championships in and, but lost Super Bowls XVI and XXIII to the San Francisco 49ers.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the CPC experienced a significant ideological breakdown with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev, and later, Leonid Brezhnev.

During the 1970s the relative number of communists in Republics of the Soviet Union was as follows:

During the 1970s, a growing number of Canadian stations pushed American channels off the systems, forcing several to expand beyond the original 12-channel system configurations.

During the 1970s producers started to reduce the quantity of white grapes in Chianti.

During the 1970s, modern dramatic directors made some of their first films.

During the Portuguese Colonial War in the 1960s and the 1970s, the Portuguese Army created an experimental horse platoon, to combat the guerrillas in eastern Angola.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, several events occurred which raised the public awareness of harm to the environment caused by man.

During the 1960s and 1970s hundreds of fossils were found, particularly in East Africa in the regions of the Olduvai gorge and Lake Turkana.

During the 1970s and ' 80s, Cassandra B. Whyte did significant educational research studying locus of control as related to the academic achievement of students pursuing higher education coursework.

During the 1992 – 93 Rugby Football League season Edwards played at scrum half for defending RFL champions Wigan in the 1992 World Club Challenge against the visiting Brisbane Broncos.

During the period of economic decline, smuggling had been one of the few lucrative sources of employment, and recent laws which imposed stringent financial penalties ( with hard labour for non-payment ) were unpopular.

During religious conflict in 16th and 17th century Ireland severe legal penalties were prescribed against practicing Roman Catholics.

During the reign of the Emperor Severus ( 193 – 211 ), relations with the young Christian Church deteriorated, and in 202 or 203 the edict of persecution appeared which forbade conversion to Christianity under the severest penalties.

During his last season in the NHL, the league began expanding their efforts to eliminate hits to the head with new rules and stiffer penalties.

During the ceremony, the Capitals presented Hunter with one of the penalty boxes from the Capital Centre ( the Capitals former home arena ), symbolic of his exceptional amount of time served for penalties.

During the debate on the Conventicle Bill in May 1664, Ashley proposed mitigating the harshness of the penalties initially suggested by the House of Commons.

During the late Republic penalties for sexuality were barely enforced if at all, and a new erotic ideal of romantic relationship emerges.

During his term, he introduced legislation aimed at helping disabled people maintain employment, and supported harsher gun violence penalties.

During a league game on May Day, the referee gave two penalties to Cowley ; supporters broke past security and players, resulting in the referee being " freely baited ".

During the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Switzerland set a unwanted new record in the Round of 16 shoot-out against Ukraine by failing to convert any of their penalties, losing 3 – 0.

During their Littlewoods Cup run, which ended with a 1 – 2 defeat at Wembley against Arsenal, he scored a hat-trick of penalties in a 4th round replay at Anfield against Coventry City.

During Mølby's time with Liverpool, he only failed to score three times from the penalty spot ( penalties against Sheffield Wednesday & QPR in 1985 – 86 and Chelsea in 1989 – 90 were saved ).

During the 1994 / 1995 campaign they reached the semi-finals of the European Cup Winners ' Cup before being eliminated on penalties in a memorable tie against Arsenal.

During his 17 seasons as a professional hockey player, Walker played in 829 regular season games in the National Hockey League where he scored 397 points and earned 1, 135 minutes in penalties before retiring as a player following the 2009 – 10 NHL season.

During the game Alan Page was called for three offside penalties, but in the fourth quarter, he took his frustrations out on the Lions.

During the knock-out round match against South Korea, Morientes scored a goal in extra-time that was disallowed, although replays suggested the goal was legitimate ; Spain eventually lost the match on penalties.

During his 87 caps for Wales he scored 1, 049 points ( 11 tries, 130 conversions, 235 penalties and 10 drop goals ) and a further 41 points ( 1 conversion and 13 penalties ) during his 4 caps for the British and Irish Lions for a grand total of 1, 090 points.

During his time at Fratton Park he was in the side that reached the FA Cup semi-finals in 1992, only being eliminated by Liverpool after a replay and penalties, and narrowly missed out on promotion to the Premier League a year later.

During the late 18th century a series of laws were passed protecting a landowner's right to hunt, and giving severe penalties to poachers.

During the tournament, Denmark played attractive attacking football, but went out at the semi-final stage, losing to Spain on penalties.

During the race, Michael Schumacher and Minardi's Esteban Tuero were given 10 second stop-go penalties for pit lane speeding.

During the penalty shoot-out, goalkeeper László Köteles helped Genk to qualify by saving two penalties.

During Coppell's first match, Brighton fans were accused of racially taunting referee Phil Prosser after he awarded two penalties against them, which helped Neil Warnock's Sheffield United come from 2 – 1 behind to win.