During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important ; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such a Les Menuires.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for liberal politics.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics.

During much of the 1970s Roma's appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic.

During their heyday from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, most BBSes were run as a hobby free of charge by the system operator ( or " SysOp "), while other BBSes charged their users a subscription fee for access, or were operated by a business as a means of supporting their customers.

During the 1970s the Air Force was at the apogee of its power, possessing at least 500 modern combat aircraft in its inventory.

During the early 1970s, Manchester United were no longer competing among the top teams in England, and at several stages were battling against relegation.

During the Orioles ' heyday in the 1970s, a club song, appropriately titled " Orioles Magic ", was composed, and played when the team ran out until Opening Day of 2008.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the site hosted Creative Time's landmark Art on the Beach sculpture exhibitions.

During the 1970s, he made guest-appearances on TV series such as Ironside, Insight, Barbary Coast, The Love Boat, Medical Center, four episodes of Love, American Style, Fantasy Island, and two episodes each of The Streets of San Francisco, and Rod Serling's Night Gallery.

" During the 1970s, widely different methods began to be seen as part of a new emerging discipline of computational chemistry.

During the 1970s the " small press " culture grew and diversified.

During the 1970s and 1980s it was also used to test the ability of containers of radioactive material to withstand impacts and other accidents.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the Bengals were a perennial playoff contender and they won AFC championships in and, but lost Super Bowls XVI and XXIII to the San Francisco 49ers.

During the 1960s and 1970s, the CPC experienced a significant ideological breakdown with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev, and later, Leonid Brezhnev.

During the 1970s the relative number of communists in Republics of the Soviet Union was as follows:

During the 1970s, a growing number of Canadian stations pushed American channels off the systems, forcing several to expand beyond the original 12-channel system configurations.

During the 1970s producers started to reduce the quantity of white grapes in Chianti.

During the 1970s, modern dramatic directors made some of their first films.

During the Portuguese Colonial War in the 1960s and the 1970s, the Portuguese Army created an experimental horse platoon, to combat the guerrillas in eastern Angola.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, several events occurred which raised the public awareness of harm to the environment caused by man.

During the 1960s and 1970s hundreds of fossils were found, particularly in East Africa in the regions of the Olduvai gorge and Lake Turkana.

During the 1970s and ' 80s, Cassandra B. Whyte did significant educational research studying locus of control as related to the academic achievement of students pursuing higher education coursework.

During the 1990s Rattan incorporated as a town, and offers rudimentary public services.

During these same years Rome organized a rudimentary navy, constructed its first military roads ( construction of the Via Appia was begun in 312 BC and of the Via Valeria in 306 ), and increased the size of its annual military levy as seen from the increase of annually elected military tribunes from 6 to 16.

During these sorties Galland learned Mölders tactics, such as using spotter aircraft to indicate the position of enemy formation ; a type of rudimentary early warning system.

During Edward II's reign ( 1307 – 1327 ) the land was under the possession of John de Apeton and the first attempts were made at managing the effects of the sea with rudimentary defences, but periodical flooding continued to blight the small population of mostly shepherds and their fat-tailed variety of sheep for a further 300 years.

During the Pax Mongolica rudimentary banking systems were established, and money changing and credit extension were common, resulting in large amount of merchant wealth.

During World War I, amphibious warfare was still in its infancy: tactics and equipment were rudimentary and required much improvisation.

During the early stage of construction, the site had an extremely rudimentary infrastructure, such as a few roads, a command bunker, a radar facility, and modest storage and support facilities.

During these years the youthful conductor had contributed greatly to the high level of musical life in Germany.

During much of the year the general level of business activity has moved along on a record-high plateau, but there have been persistent signs of slack in the economy.

During the war, Congress exercised an unprecedented level of political, diplomatic, military and economic authority.

During " Thank God I'm a Country Boy ", Charlie Zill an usher in the club level sections ( 244 ) puts on overalls, straw hat, false teeth and starts dancing around.

During its 19-year run, Gwalarn tried to raise the language to the level of other great “ international ” languages by creating original works covering all genres and by proposing Breton translations of internationally-recognized foreign works.

During the fermentation process, yeast cells in the must continue to convert sugar into alcohol until the must reaches an alcohol level of 16 %– 18 %.

During these first few years Hellas was one of three or four area teams playing mainly at a municipal level while fighting against city rivals Bentegodi to become the city's premier football outfit.

During his career, Aaron performed at a consistently high level for an extended period of time.

During World War II, though already an experienced composer, Hartmann submitted to a course of private tuition in Vienna by Schoenberg ’ s pupil Anton Webern ( with whom he often disagreed on a personal and political level ).

During one storm in November 2003, the water level at Buffalo rose by 7 feet ( 2. 1 m ) with waves of 10 – 15 feet ( 3 – 4. 5 m ) for a rise of 22 feet ( 6. 7 m ).

During a subsequent German investigation, an officer identified as “ Sniper No. 2 ” stated: “ I am of the opinion that I am not a sharpshooter .” The five snipers were deployed around the airport — three on the roof of the control tower, one hidden behind a service truck and one behind a small signal tower at ground level — but none of them had any special training.

During the last Ice age when the sea level was 60 m lower, the three islands of Saint Kitts, Nevis and Sint Eustatius ( also known as Statia ) were connected as one island.

During negotiations, anger disrupts the process by reducing the level of trust, clouding parties ' judgment, narrowing parties ' focus of attention and changing their central goal from reaching agreement to retaliating against the other side.

During the session it may monitor the achieved level of performance, for example the data rate and delay, and dynamically control scheduling priorities in the network nodes.

During the first years, however, teaching was at a very elementary level, and more aimed at craftsmanship rather than engineering as such.

During the period 1980 – 1988, the percentage of the total population below the poverty level ranged from a low of 13. 0 % in 1980 and 1988 to a high of 15. 2 % in 1983.

During the Ice Ages, the sea level of the Atlantic Ocean dropped so much that the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia, and the Gulf of Finland disappeared, and the countries now surrounding them, including Germany, Poland, the other Baltic countries and Scandinavia, were directly joined by land.

During the last Ice Age, the sea level was lower and St. Kitts and Nevis were one island with Sint Eustatius ( also known as Statia ) and Saba.

During operation, vacuum tubes require constant heating of the filament, thus requiring considerable power even when amplifying signals at the microwatt level.

During this stage, a fluid overload state may occur ; if it affects the brain, it may cause a reduced level of consciousness or seizures.

During these hours traffic is at maximum level.

During the 1990s, it was common for whistles to be employed by the audiences at raves, allowing a level of interaction between the partygoer and the DJ.

During the Renaissance, the Gonzaga family softened their despotic rule and raised the level of culture and refinement in Mantua.

During this period a strategy of nationalization of private enterprises, centralization of the economy and " Malgasization " of the education system crippled the economy, leaving traces even today of a highly centralized economic system and a high level of illiteracy.

During the Kamakura period ( 1185-1333 ) the Japanese sword smiths achieved the highest level of technical excellence and because the war between two influential families, the Minamoto and the Taira, made it possible to test and evaluate swords under the severest of conditions.