During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

During the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ), the Special Research Units of the Imperial Japanese Army, such as Unit 731, conducted human experimentation on thousands of Chinese, among others.

During this brief era, when China was in all respects a multi-state system, five regimes rapidly succeeded one another in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern China.

During Heizei's reign, the bodyguards were reorganized ; the existing Imperial Bodyguards became the Left Imperial Bodyguards, while the Middle Bodyguards became the Right Imperial Bodyguards.

* 1937 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace ( the former Imperial residence ) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

During World War I and the rise of Germanism, the ( Svecomans ) began covert collaboration with Imperial Germany, and from 1915 – 1917 a " Jäger " ( Jääkärit ) battalion consisting of 1, 900 Finnish volunteers was trained in Germany.

During his Danube sojourn ( Drinkwater suggests in 255 or 256 ) he proclaimed his elder son Valerian II Caesar and thus official heir to himself and Valerian I ; the boy probably now joined Gallienus on campaign and when Gallienus moved west to the Rhine provinces in 257 remained behind on the Danube as the personification of Imperial authority.

During the late 13th century and first half of the 14th century, Chinese under the Mongol-controlled Yuan Dynasty were not allowed to enter higher posts of government ( reserved for Mongols or other ethnic groups from Central Asia ), and the Imperial examination was ceased for the time being.

During World War I, the Imperial Army Air Service utilised a wide variety of aircraft, ranging from fighters ( such as those manufactured by Albatros-Flugzeugwerke and Fokker ) to reconnaissance aircraft ( Aviatik and DFW ) and heavy bombers ( Gothaer Waggonfabrik, better known simply as Gotha, and the Zeppelin-Staaken R. VI " giant " heavy bomber ).

* 1942 – During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō.

During World War I, the Battle of Tannenberg and the First and Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes between Imperial Germany and the Russian Empire took place within the borders of Masuria in 1914.

During the 20th century, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany ( towards Russian POW ) were notorious for atrocities against prisoners during World War II.

During the first part of the Shōwa era, the governments of Imperial Japan launched a string of policies to promote total war effort against China or occidental powers and increase industrial production.

During the unsuccessful siege of Nuremberg, in 1632, civilians and soldiers in both the Swedish and Imperial armies succumbed to typhus and scurvy.

During the course of the war the Imperial Russian and Imperial Japanese navies would launch nearly 300 torpedoes at each other, all of them of the " self propelled automotive " type.

During the war the Imperial Russian Navy in addition to their other warships, deployed 86 torpedo boats and launched 27 torpedoes ( from all warships ) in three major campaigns, scoring 5 hits.

During the Great Northern War, plague stricken Tallinn along with Swedish Estonia and Livonia capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions ( Magistracy of Reval and Chivalry of Estonia ) retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia.

** Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace ( the former Imperial residence ) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

During World War II, the region was invaded by the Japanese Imperial Army and included in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

During his first seven years as Emperor, Otto II was constantly occupied with maintaining Imperial power against internal rivals and external enemies.

During the journey, in late June or early July 980, the Empress Theophanu gave birth to the Imperial couple's their only son: Otto III.

During intercrisis periods the educational facilities of the community have the possibility of remolding the perspectives and altering the behavior of vast numbers of human beings of every age and condition.

During the Civil War, Custer, who achieved a brilliant record, was made brigadier general at the age of 23.

During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, many of the existing buildings in the area of the Acropolis were repaired, due to damage from age, and occasionally, war.

During the two year absence of his father ` Abdu ' l-Bahá took up the duty of managing the affairs of the family, before his age of maturity ( 14 in middle-eastern society ) and was known to be occupied with reading and, at a time of hand-copied scriptures being the primary means of publishing, was also engaged in copying the writings of the Báb.

During the age when the whole point of money was that it was made of precious metal, there was frequent trimming or shaving of coins once they were released to the public, even though people were expected to accept the diminished coins at their face value.

During the golden age of Hollywood, Capra's " fantasies of goodwill " made him one of the two or three most famous and successful directors in the world.

During the peak of the age of sail, beginning in the early 17th century, it has been customary ( and later a legal requirement ) for ships to carry flags designating their nationality ; these flags eventually evolved into the national flags and maritime flags of today.

During the golden age of bohemianism, Greenwich Village became famous for such eccentrics as Joe Gould ( profiled at length by Joseph Mitchell ) and Maxwell Bodenheim, dancer Isadora Duncan, writer William Faulkner, and playwright Eugene O ' Neill.

During the Chinese Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 AD ), not only landscape art was improved upon, but portrait painting became more standardized and sophisticated than before ( for example, refer to Emperor Huizong of Song ), and reached its classical age maturity during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644 AD ).

During the second stage, from 12 to about 16, reason starts to develop ; and finally the third stage, from the age of 16 onwards, when the child develops into an adult.

During the campaign, Polk's opponents said that at the age of 29 Polk was too young for a spot in the House, but he won the election and took his seat in Congress.

During his childhood, he emigrated with his family to South Africa, where he lived from age four to eight ( 1948 – 1952 ).

During the Muromachi age ( 1392 – 1573 AD ), the Kosode, a single kimono formerly considered underwear, began to be worn without the hakama ( trousers, divided skirt ) over it, and thus began to be held closed by an obi " belt ".

During the reign of Henry III the Assize of Arms of 1252 required that all " citizens, burgesses, free tenants, villeins and others from 15 to 60 years of age " should be armed.

During the age of discovery Portuguese sailors explored the coasts of Africa and Asia.

During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art.

During prehistoric times there was a succession of cultures that flourished in the land of present-day Moldova from the end of the Ice age up through the Neolithic Age, the Copper Age, the Bronze Age, and the beginning of the Iron Age, when historical records begin to be made about the people who lived in these lands.

During 1977, at age 65, Friedman retired from the University of Chicago after teaching there for 30 years.

During the Viking age their expeditions, frequently combined raiding and trading, penetrated most of the old Frankish empire, the British Isles, The Baltic, Russia and both Muslim and Christian Iberia.

Yet again, today it is almost certain that this legend was used as a metaphor, in allusion to the old Slavic pagan ceremony known as the " postrzyżyny ": During that ceremony hair cutting was performed to every boy at the age of seven.

During and after its golden age, the Dutch built up a commercial and colonial empire, which fell apart quickly after the Second World War ; the historical ties inherited from its colonial past still influence the foreign relations of the Netherlands.

During the last Ice age when the sea level was 60 m lower, the three islands of Saint Kitts, Nevis and Sint Eustatius ( also known as Statia ) were connected as one island.

During this age ( among the 1500 BC and the 800 BC ) the first necropolises ( placed where stand the present-day Piazza Duomo and Millstone Square ) rose also.

During the reforms of Sulla in 81 BC, the minimum age for a quaestorship was set at 30 for patricians and at 32 for plebeians, and election to the quaestorship gave automatic membership in the Senate.

During the last ice age, the basin now filled by the bay was a large linear valley with small hills, similar to most of the valleys of the Coast Ranges.