During the Second World War, Bletchley Park was the site of the United Kingdom's main decryption establishment, the Government Code and Cypher School ( GC & CS ), where ciphers and codes of several Axis countries were decrypted, most importantly the ciphers generated by the German Enigma and Lorenz machines.

During the 1960s, industrial growth was stimulated by the establishment of the Central American Common Market ( CACM — see Appendix B ).

During this period, the post-war division of Germany was consolidated with the establishment of two separate German states, the Federal Republic of Germany ( West Germany ) and the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ).

During the early years of his chancellorship and with a broad consensus within the West German establishment in favor of amnesty and integration, Adenauer pressed for the ending of denazification efforts.

" During the post-Civil War years, there was a rise in the establishment of public libraries, a movement led chiefly by newly formed women's clubs.

During the postwar years, Beria supervised the successful establishment of Communist regimes in the countries of Eastern Europe, usually by coup d ' etat, and hand-picked the leaders.

During the Middle Ages, several movements emerged which were collectively described as " Manichaean " by the Catholic Church, and persecuted as Christian heresies through the establishment, in 1184, of the Inquisition.

During the Second World War the Canadian Army built a large military supply base in the city to service the Maritime military establishment.

During the 1980s, the pace of North Korea ’ s establishment of new diplomatic relations slowed considerably.

During the three decades between Freud's death in 1939 and the Stonewall riots in 1969, conversion therapy received approval from most of the psychiatric establishment in the United States.

During his rule of twenty years the order prospered, especially by the establishment of a priory at Paris by Saint Louis in 1259.

During the reign of Alfonso II, Ferrara once again developed an opulent court with an impressive musical establishment, rivaled in Italy only by the adjacent city of Venice, and the traditional musical centers such as Rome, Florence and Milan.

During the renegotiations, other EEC members conceded, as a partial offset, the establishment of a significant European Regional Development Fund ( ERDF ), from which it was clearly agreed that the UK would be a major net beneficiary.

During his 30 years as leader of the LDS Church, Young had overseen and directed the establishment of almost 400 towns and villages.

During the Philippine Revolution the Province of Manila was the last of the eight provinces to first revolt against Spain in 1896, paving the establishment of the Philippine Republic ( composed of Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas, Cavite and Manila ).

During the 1960s, he was a leading member of a bipartisan group of establishment elders known as The Wise Men, who initially supported the Vietnam War, but then turned against it at a critical meeting with President Lyndon Johnson in March 1968.

During the 1930s he made a visit to Cairo and several visits to Ankara where ( at the invitation of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ) he led the task of reorganizing Turkish music education and the early efforts for the establishment of Turkish State Opera and Ballet.

During the years preceding the second siege ( the first one was in 1529 ), under the auspices of grand viziers from the influential Köprülü family, the Ottoman Empire undertook extensive logistical preparations this time, including the repair and establishment of roads and bridges leading into the Holy Roman Empire and its logistical centers, as well as the forwarding of ammunition, cannon and other resources from all over the Ottoman Empire to these logistical centers and into the Balkans.

During a visit to Peru, Bush announced the establishment of an Andean Center of Excellence for Teacher Training, with a base in Peru, and a fellowship program to give Andean professionals access to education in information technology.

During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads.

During the 17th century, shortly after establishment of the settlement at Jamestown in 1607, English settlers explored and began settling the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads.

During World War II, Houma's location caused it to be selected for the establishment of a Lighter Than Air Blimp Naval Station, which operated from May 1943 to September 1944.

During the campaign, Vilsack joined fellow candidates Hillary Clinton and Joe Biden in supporting the establishment of a U. S. Public Service Academy as a civilian counterpart to the military academies.

During the establishment of the Russian SFSR, Vladimir Lenin and his colleagues had considered the inclusion of a sword symbol in addition to the hammer and sickle as part of the state seal on which the flag was eventually based.

During this period, powerful feudal lords encouraged the establishment of serfdom as a source of agricultural labor.

During the Ottoman period, Bursa continued to be the source of most royal silk products.

During his reign, Bayezid II consolidated the Ottoman Empire and thwarted a Safavid rebellion soon before abdicating his throne to his son, Selim I.

During the medieval period and prior to the Ottoman occupation of Debarewa in 1557, Eritrea ’ s historical name was Bahre-Negash ( Kingdom of the Sea ).

During the Ottoman invasion of Central Europe ( between late 14th century and circa 1700 ) Hungarian soldiers protected fortresses and launched light cavalry attacks against the Turks ( see Hungarian Hussars ).

During this time, the Ottoman Army continued to press upon a reluctant Navy a plan for the re-occupation of Tenedos, which the Greek destroyers used as a base, by an amphibious operation.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

During World War I, Zionist volunteers fought in the Jewish Legion of the British Army against the Ottomans because they expected the British would be less opposed to the Zionist project than the Ottoman authorities.

During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced a number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are all buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna ( Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane ) in Istanbul.

During the Ottoman rule, Skopje and Monastir ( Bitola ) were capitals of separate Ottoman provinces ( eyalets ).

During this period, peace and harmony in the Ottoman lands were completely lost and tyrants took control of the cities.

During the rule of Ibrahim Pasha ( 1830 – 1840 ), the Egyptian general, over much of Ottoman Syria, Nazareth was open to European missionaries and traders.

During the Ottoman period the temple was known to the Greeks as the Palace of Hadrian, while the Turks called it the Palace of Belkis, from a Turkish legend that the temple had been the residence of Solomon's wife.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful states in the world – a multinational, multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to the outskirts of Vienna, Royal Hungary ( modern Slovakia ) and the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north to Yemen and Eritrea in the south ; from Algeria in the west to Azerbaijan in the east ; controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.

During this period in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Ottoman Empire entered a long period of conquest and expansion, extending its borders deep into Europe and North Africa.

During the reign of Suleiman, Transylvania, Wallachia and, intermittently, Moldavia, became tributary principalities of the Ottoman Empire.

During a summer-long siege which was later to be known as the Siege of Malta, the Ottoman forces which numbered around 50, 000 fought the Knights of St. John and the Maltese garrison which in total numbered around 6, 000.

During this period threats to the Ottoman Empire were presented by the traditional foe — the Austrian Empire — as well as by a new foe — the rising Russian Empire.

During this time, the Ottoman sovereign was actively occupied in perfecting the civil and military institutions which his brother had introduced, in securing internal order, in founding and endowing mosques and schools, and in the construction of vast public edifices, many of which still stand.

During Orhan's reign as the Ottoman emir, the Byzantine Empire was in its last stages of its decline.

During this period, together with his uncle, he took part in many naval wars of the Ottoman Empire against Spain, the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice, including the First Battle of Lepanto ( Battle of Zonchio ) in 1499 and Second Battle of Lepanto ( Battle of Modon ) in 1500.

During the Sinai and Palestine campaign 217 Australian and unknown numbers of British, New Zealand and Indian soldiers were captured by Ottoman Empire forces.

During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania, and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were in the situation of being second-class citizens ( or even non-citizens ) in a territory where they formed the majority of the population.

During the Ottoman Empire's domination of the Aegean Sea, the Turkish exonym for the island was " Santurin " or " Santoron ".

During the Ottoman Tanzimat ( 1839 – 76 ) reforms, nationalism arose in the Empire and in 1870 a new Bulgarian Orthodox Church was established and its separate diocese was created, based on ethnic identity rather than religious principles.