During moments of intense crisis the responsibility of political leaders is overwhelming.

During the war, Congress exercised an unprecedented level of political, diplomatic, military and economic authority.

During the 1840s Disraeli wrote three political novels collectively known as " the Trilogy "– Sybil, Coningsby, and Tancred.

During the period of the English Civil War, the role of bishops as wielders of political power and as upholders of the established church became a matter of heated political controversy.

During recent times, mainly during the apartheid reform and post-1994 eras, many more white Afrikaans-speaking people, mainly with " conservative " political views and of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent, have preferred to be called " Boers " or Boere-Afrikaners, rather than " Afrikaners ".

During the 1960s the political atmosphere began to gradually change, and attention was once again directed to Chaplin's films instead of his political views.

During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism developed from an ethical system into a political ideology used to legitimize the rule of the political elites.

During the 19th century and through the 1940 census, enumeration was accomplished through political districts.

When one society finds itself forced to relinquish power entirely to another society that in itself is a form of underdevelopment .... During the centuries of pre-colonial trade, some control over social political and economic life was retained in Africa, in spite of the disadvantageous commerce with Europeans.

During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, some British officials suggested restoring Peshawar to Dost Mohammad, in return for his support against the rebellious sepoys of the Bengal Army, but this view was rejected by British political officers on the North West frontier, who believed that Dost Mohammad would see this as a sign of weakness and turn against the British.

During this decade and the one that followed, Urbina and his archrival, García Moreno, would define the dichotomy — between Liberals from Guayaquil and Conservatives from Quito — that remained the major sphere of political struggle in Ecuador in the 1980s.

During the Era of Silence political parties were banned and the parliament was not in session between 1934 and 1938 as the country was ruled by decree by Konstantin Päts, who was elected as the first President of Estonia in 1938.

During the reign of his elder brother, Emperor Tenji, Temmu was forced to marry several of Tenji's daughters because Tenji thought those marriages would help to strengthen political ties between the two brothers.

During this time folk music began to become enmeshed with political and social activism themes and movements.

During the 6 February 1934 crisis, France faced the greatest domestic political turmoil since the Dreyfus Affair when the fascist Francist Movement and multiple far right movements rioted en masse in Paris against the French government resulting in major political violence.

During the political opening after the military regime, the people elected the city's first woman mayor, Maria Luíza Fontenele, and had the first city hall commanded by a left-wing party.

During his time at Chicago, Hayek worked on the philosophy of science, economics, political philosophy, and the history of ideas.

During the war of 1918 there were two kinds of Red and White political violence: ( i ) a calculated part of the general warfare, and ( ii ) more local, personal murders and corresponding acts of revenge.

During the Cold War, Germany's partition by the Iron Curtain made it a symbol of East-West tensions and a political battleground in Europe.

During the last years of his administration, President Hoyte sought to improve relations with the United States as part of a decision to move his country toward genuine political nonalignment.

During his three-year reign, King James II became directly involved in the political battles in England between Catholicism and Protestantism, on the one hand, and on the other, between the Divine Right of Kings and the political rights of the Parliament of England.

During the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation, he dedicated mostly to architecture ; paintings of the period, showing his increasing attention to architecture, include the Nativity of the Virgin.

During the spring of 56 BC, the Triumvirs held a conference, as Rome was in turmoil and Caesar's political alliance was coming undone.

During the financial crisis of 2007 – 2010, several Keynesian economists such as James Galbraith and Joseph Stiglitz blamed the free market philosophy of Friedman and the Chicago school for the economic turmoil.

During this turmoil, Zimmermann's team worked on a new version of PGP encryption called PGP 3.

During the Cultural Revolution, a number of top naval commissars and commanders were purged, and naval forces were used to suppress a revolt in Wuhan in July 1967, but the service largely avoided the turmoil affecting the country.

During the Balkans turmoil in the mid 1990s, the city experienced dramatic events such as the unfolding of the 1997 unrest in Albania, and a failed coup d ' etat on 14 September 1998.

* During the turmoil of the An Shi Rebellion, the Chinese seaport Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian raiders.

During the period of turmoil between the supporters of King Henry III and the barons who sought to curtail his power, the town was the scene of a major battle in 1233, in which the king's forces were routed by the troops of Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke.

During the turmoil of the Reformation, Zug remained on the Catholic side of central Switzerland and retained the old faith.

During the turmoil, Harald was arrested and imprisoned, but the sources disagree on the grounds.

During Seleucus ' escape to Egypt, Macedonia was undergoing great turmoil.

During this turmoil, the Akali Dal began another agitation in February 1984 protesting against clause ( 2 )( b ) of Article 25 of the Indian constitution, which ambiguously states " the reference to Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina or Buddhist religion ", though it also implicitly recognizes Sikhism as a separate religion with the words " the wearing and carrying of kirpans shall be deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion.

During the 1990s, Motown was home to successful recording artists such as Boyz II Men and Johnny Gill, although the company itself remained in a state of turmoil.

During the period of political turmoil in the United States that lasted from the outbreak of World War II in Europe until the attack on Pearl Harbor, she maintained an outspoken non-interventionist stance.

During the economic turmoil of the 20th century, some plantings of Malbec were pulled out to make way for the jug wine producing varieties of Criolla Grande and Cereza.

During the turmoil of 1848 in Europe, he lectured at Liège on Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire.

During the ensuing decade he acquired several rail and steamship companies, and pursued a rail line from Portland to the Pacific Ocean ; he was successful, but the line cost more than anticipated, causing financial turmoil.

During the late 19th century, Ganda villages became more dispersed as the role of the chiefs diminished in response to political turmoil, population migration, and occasional popular revolts.

During the 1950s McCarthyism era, he was investigated, which caused him to struggle to find work, and caused the family much turmoil.

During good times borrowers acquire too much debt than what is socially desirable, and when the value of their collateral falls they do not have enough resources to pay off their obligations and can trigger general turmoil in the financial system.

During the summer of 2004, despite the turmoil surrounding the club ’ s recent form, Moyes managed to bring in Tim Cahill and Marcus Bent.

During the early-to-mid-1960s, Prince Norodom Sihanouk's leftist policies had protected his nation from the turmoil that engulfed Laos and South Vietnam.

During major riots triggered by economic reforms implemented by the UCR government ( with the advice of the International Monetary Fund ), President de la Rúa resigned and fled the country to prevent further turmoil.