During the short reigns of the older two of his three elder brothers, Æthelbald of Wessex and Æthelberht of Wessex, Alfred is not mentioned.

During the reigns of Umar ( 634-44 CE ) and Uthman ibn Affan ( 644 – 56 ) concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area round the Kaaba.

During the reigns of the Norman monarchs, the English Crown was advised by a royal court or Curia Regis, which consisted of magnates, ecclesiastics and high officials.

During the period of the reigns from Egbert to Alfred the Great, the kings of Wessex emerged as Bretwalda, unifying the country and eventually forging it into the kingdom of England in the face of Viking invasions.

During the reigns of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, leading officials ' dissatisfaction with the eunuchs ' usurpations of power reached a peak, and many began to openly protest against them.

During the subsequent reigns of Christian I ( 1450 – 1481 ) and Hans ( 1481 – 1513 ), tensions grew, and several wars between Sweden and Denmark erupted.

During the reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV, the cathedral underwent major alterations as part of an ongoing attempt to modernize cathedrals throughout Europe.

During the reigns of Malcolm III and his sons, Edinburgh Castle became one of the most significant royal centres in Scotland.

During the disturbed reigns of Basil's seven immediate successors, Isaac by his prudent conduct won the confidence of the army.

During the reigns of Joan herself, and her three sons ( 1284 – 1328 ), these lands belonged to the person of the king ; but by 1328 they had become so entrenched in the royal domain that king Philip VI of France ( who was not an heir of Joan ) switched lands with the then rightful heiress, Joan II of Navarre, with the effect that Champagne and Brie remained part of the royal demesne and Joan received compensation with lands in western Normandy.

During the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I of England, William Shakespeare wrote his plays and performed with his theatre company the Lord Chamberlain's Men ( later called the King's Men ).

During the reigns of Julian and Jovian, Eunomius resided in Constantinople in close intercourse with Aetius, consolidating a dissenting party and consecrating bishops.

During certain reigns of weak emperors, powerful eunuchs, such as Liu Jin and Wei Zhongxian, circumvented this restriction by styling themselves with jiǔ qiān suì ( 九千歲, literally " 9000 years ") so as to display their high positions, which were close to or even exceeded the emperor's, while still remaining reverent to the title of the emperor.

During the reigns of Louis XVIII, Charles X and Louis Philippe, the Chancellor of France presided over the Chamber of Peers, the upper house of the royal French parliament.

During their reigns, the Thuringii ( 532 ), Burgundes ( 534 ), and Saxons and Frisians ( c. 560 ) were incorporated into the Frankish kingdom.

During their reigns, Theudebert and Theuderic campaigned successfully in Gascony, where they had established the Duchy of Vasconia and brought the Basques to submission ( 602 ).

During the reigns of Huan-di ( 147-168 ) and Ling-di ( 168-189 ), the country of Wa was in a state of great confusion, war and conflict raging on all sides.

During the reigns of the Emperors Huan and Ling, that country was in great disorder, and there was no ruler for a period of years.

During one period, 1484 – 1537, power reverted back and forth continually between the two families, so much so that Muhammad Shah ( a Sayyid ) had five different reigns and Fath Shah ( a Chak ) had three.

During the reigns of Louis XV ( 1715 – 1774 ) and Louis XVI ( 1774 – 1792 ), several ministers, most notably Turgot and Necker, proposed revisions to the French tax system so as to include the nobles as taxpayers, but these proposals were not adopted because of resistance from the parlements ( provincial courts of appeal ).

During the Empire of Japan period, and the establishment of State Shinto, the position of high priest of the Ise Shrine was fulfilled by the reigning Emperor, and Emperors Meiji, Taisho and Showa all played the role of high priest during their reigns.

During the reigns of William III, Anne, George I and George II the sovereign remained responsible for the maintenance of the civil government and for the support of the royal household and dignity, being allowed for these purposes the hereditary revenues and certain taxes.

During the reigns of Asa king of Judah and Baasha king of Israel, Geba was one of two cities that Asa built up from the stones Baasha meant for Ramah ( 1 Kings 15: 22 ; 2 Chron 16: 6 ).

During the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius and Claudius, and particularly when Drusus and Germanicus were active in Gaul, Augusta Treverorum rose to considerable importance as a base and supply centre for campaigns in Germany.

The Yongzheng Emperor Enjoying Himself During the 8th Lunar Month, by anonymous court artists, 1723 – 1735 AD, Palace Museum, Beijing, showing the use of linear perspective.

During his marriage, he had called himself " King and Emperor of Castile, Toledo, Aragón, Pamplona, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza " in recognition of his rights as Urraca's husband ; of his inheritance of the lands of his father, including the kingdom of his great-uncle Gonzalo ; and his prerogative to conquer Andalusia from the Muslims.

During the Samaritan revolt of 529, Bethlehem was sacked and its walls and the Church of the Nativity destroyed, but they were rebuilt on the orders of the Emperor Justinian I.

During regular sessions, the Emperor sat among the Senate body, speaking in turn.

During the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar, it became a proper productive unit.

During the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Yongle bestowed the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the first of the three Princes of Dharma, upon the Black-Hat Karmapa.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

During the reign of his elder brother, Emperor Tenji, Temmu was forced to marry several of Tenji's daughters because Tenji thought those marriages would help to strengthen political ties between the two brothers.

During his trip, a tempest forced him to stop on an island near Guangzhou, China where he saw the rich merchant Diogo Pereira, an old friend from Cochin, who showed him a letter from Portuguese being held prisoners in Guangzhou asking for a Portuguese ambassador to talk to the Chinese Emperor in their favor.

During Guido's tenure in this office, Paschal II yielded to the military threats of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, and was induced to issue the Privilegium in the year 1111.

During a sightseeing trip to Egypt ( not a regular province, but the personal property of the Emperor ) he seems to have unwittingly usurped several imperial prerogatives.

During the Siege of Paris on 18 January 1871, King Wilhelm I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles.

During the Siege of Paris, the German princes assembled in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles and proclaimed the Prussian King Wilhelm I as the " German Emperor " on 18 January 1871.

During this time, the Emperor Nero considered withdrawing Roman forces from Britain altogether.

During the Chinese Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 AD ), not only landscape art was improved upon, but portrait painting became more standardized and sophisticated than before ( for example, refer to Emperor Huizong of Song ), and reached its classical age maturity during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644 AD ).

During this period the church began to discourage all non-religious human images-the Emperor and donor figures counting as religious.

During the persecution of Marcus Aurelius, the Roman Emperor from 161-180, Irenaeus was a priest of the Church of Lyons.

During the reign of Juba II Emperor Augustus ( who created in the area of what is now northern Morocco 12 colonies with retired Roman legionaries ) had already founded three colonias, with Roman citizens, in Mauretania close to the Atlantic coast: Iulia Constantia Zilil, Iulia Valentia Banasa and Iulia Campestris Babba.

During the reign of Augustus, Maecenas served as a quasi-culture minister to the Emperor.

During the following centuries, referred to as the " Time of Isolation ", the planet develops a feudal form of government, in which the Emperor is supported by sixty regional counts and other minor aristocrats, identified by the honorific Vor-in their names.

During the rule of the 14th Kirat King Sthunko, the Indian Emperor Ashoka is said to have come to the Kathmandu Valley with his daughter, princess Charumati.

During his short pontificate he played the part of a peacemaker ; he came to terms with the Emperor Frederick I in the vexing question of the appointment to the See of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert ( commonly known as Saint William of York ) to the see of York by sending him the pallium in spite of the continued opposition of the powerful Cistercian order.

He was ordained as a subdeacon by Pope Marinus I, followed by his being raised to the deaconate by Pope Stephen V. During the pontificate of Pope Formosus ( 891 – 896 ), he was a member of the party of nobles who supported the Emperor Lambert, who was the opponent of Formosus and the pope ’ s preferred imperial candidate, Arnulf of Carinthia.

During the 4th century, after more than 300 years of repression and sometimes fierce persecution under various Roman emperors, the church became established as a political as well as a spiritual power under the Emperor Constantine.

During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang promoted large-scale tug of war games, using ropes of up to 167 meters with shorter ropes attached and more than 500 people on each end of the rope.

During this time period warfare broke out again between the two states and Emperor Eskender invaded Dakkar where he was stopped by a large Adalite army who destroyed the Solomonic army to such an extent that no further expeditions were carried out for the remaining of Eskender's reign.