The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he theorized that all technological civilizations constantly increased their demand for energy.

However, Dyson was not the first to advance this idea.

Dyson's father was the English composer Sir George Dyson ;

his mother was trained as a lawyer but after Dyson was born worked as a social worker.

Despite sharing a last name, he is not related to the early 20th century astronomer Frank Watson Dyson, but as a small boy Freeman Dyson was aware of Frank Watson Dyson.

Dyson was a Scholar at the renowned Winchester College from 1936 to 1941.

Robert Oppenheimer, in particular, was persuaded by Dyson that Feynman's new theory was as valid as Schwinger's and Tomonaga's.

It was this Dyson paper that inspired John Ward to derive his celebrated Ward identity.

Dyson was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1966, Max Planck medal in 1969 and the Harvey Prize in 1977.

In 1993, Dyson was given the Enrico Fermi Award.

In 2000, Dyson was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion.

In 2003, Dyson was awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado.

Dyson has been interested in space travel since he was a child, reading such science fiction classics as Olaf Stapledon's Star Maker.

Dyson says that the report showed that even from a narrow military point of view the US was better off not using nuclear weapons.

Dyson stated on the Dick Cavett show that the use of nuclear weaponry was a bad idea for the US at the time because " our targets were big and theirs were small.

Historically they were sometimes called Feynman-Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because when they were introduced the path integral was unfamiliar, and Freeman Dyson's derivation from old-fashioned perturbation theory was easier to follow for physicists trained in earlier methods.

Banks played well, but with the right back Len Chalmers carrying an injury, was powerless to prevent second half goals from Bobby Smith and Terry Dyson giving Spurs a 2 – 0 win and the first " double " of the 20th century.

Dyson is credited with being the first to formalize the concept of the Dyson sphere in his 1960 paper " Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation ", published in the journal Science.

Deployment of spacecraft and satellites using photovoltaics might be seen as the first small steps towards building a Dyson swarm ( see below for differences between these sub-types ).

Dyson has six children, two of them ( Esther and George ) with his first wife, mathematician Verena Huber-Dyson, and the other four with his second wife, Imme Dyson, a masters runner who married him in 1958.

Two plays later, with the Titans facing 3rd down and 5 to go, McNair was hit by two Rams ' defenders, but he escaped and completed a 16-yard pass to Dyson to gain a first down at the Rams 10-yard line.

Had Dyson scored and the extra point been made, it would have been the first Super Bowl overtime period in history.

" Vaporware " was coined by a Microsoft engineer in 1982 to describe the company's Xenix operating system, and first appeared in print in a newsletter by computer expert Esther Dyson in 1983.

The word was told by Winblad to influential computer expert Esther Dyson, and Dyson published it for the first time in her monthly printed newsletter RELease 1. 0.

He took part in first performances of many British works, including composers Vaughan Williams, Dyson, Cyril Scott, E. J. Moeran, Arthur Bliss and Patrick Hadley.

DES was first synthesized in early 1938 by Leon Golberg, then a graduate student of Sir Robert Robinson at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory at the University of Oxford, based on a formulation of Wilfrid Lawson at the Courtand Institute of Biochemistry, led by Sir Edward Charles Dodds at Middlesex Hospital Medical School of the University College London of the University of London, and a report of its synthesis was published in Nature on February 5, 1938.

In the second film Dr. Dyson ( Joe Morton ), the lead scientist for the Skynet project, explains that the surviving arm and CPU chip of the original Terminator was analyzed and found that the technology was so advanced, they ( humans ) would have never invented the technology themselves and was used to create Skynet in the first place.

One of the first people Mrs Dyson saw on arriving at Banner Cross was Peace.

Mrs. Dyson, who had come into the yard again on hearing the first shot, rushed to her husband's side, calling out: " Murder!

The first witness called by the prosecution was Mrs. Dyson.

These include the first known instance of what is now called the Dyson sphere, reference to a scenario closely predicting the later zoo hypothesis or Star Trek's Prime Directive, many imaginative descriptions of species, civilizations and methods of warfare, and the idea that the stars and even the pre-galactic nebulae are intelligent beings, operating on vast time scales.

The very first edition had an exclusive interview with renowned physicist, Freeman Dyson, the second edition with American writer and futurist, Alvin Toffler.

Wong subscribes to the accountability framework first devised at the Aspen Institute by Esther Dyson and others.

Dyson first entered Parliament in the, winning the electorate.

* 1912 – 1930 William Henry Perkin, Jr., first head of Dyson Perrins Laboratory ;

QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga.

The Dyson series can be alternately rewritten as a sum over Feynman diagrams, where at each interaction vertex both the energy and momentum are conserved, but where the length of the energy momentum four vector is not equal to the mass.

The technique of renormalization, suggested by Ernst Stueckelberg and Hans Bethe and implemented by Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga compensates for this effect and eliminates the troublesome infinities.

However, in 2006 Dyson himself confirmed that the diagrams should be called Feynman diagrams because " he taught us how to use them ".

The early development of the field involved Fock, Pauli, Heisenberg, Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson.

Based on Bethe's intuition and fundamental papers on the subject by Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman and Freeman Dyson, it was finally possible to get fully covariant formulations that were finite at any order in a perturbation series of quantum electrodynamics.

Using Wick theorem on the terms of the Dyson series, all the terms of the S-matrix for quantum electrodynamics can be computed through the technique of Feynman diagrams.

Later important contributors to twentieth century mathematical physics include: Satyendra Nath Bose, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Richard Feynman, Freeman Dyson, Hideki Yukawa, Roger Penrose, Stephen Hawking, Edward Witten, and Rudolf Haag.

One way of describing the divergences was discovered in the 1930s by Ernst Stueckelberg, in the 1940s by Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, and Shin ' ichiro Tomonaga, and systematized by Freeman Dyson.

Many further results may be obtained, such as Fermi's golden rule, which relates the rate of transitions between quantum states to the density of states at particular energies, and the Dyson series, obtained by applying the iterative method to the time evolution operator, which is one of the starting points for the method of Feynman diagrams.

Well-known recipients include Nobel laureates Robert Andrews Millikan, Edward M. Purcell, Richard Feynman, Isidor I. Rabi, Norman F. Ramsey, Hans Bethe, and Carl Wieman ; as well as Arnold Sommerfeld, George Uhlenbeck, Jerrold Zacharias, Philip Morrison, Melba Phillips, Victor Weisskopf, Gerald Holton, John A. Wheeler, Frank Oppenheimer, Robert Resnick, Carl Sagan, Freeman Dyson, Daniel Kleppner, and Lawrence Krauss, and Anthony French, David Hestenes, Robert Karplus, Robert Pohl, and Francis Sears.

* 1948 – Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Freeman Dyson: Quantum electrodynamics

In his paper " The S-Matrix in Quantum electrodynamics ", Dyson derived relations between different S-matrix elements, or more specific " one-particle Green's functions ", in quantum electrodynamics, by summing up infinitely many Feynman diagrams, thus working in a perturbative approach.

Basic's list of authors includes Christopher Andrew, Anthony Appiah, Isaac Asimov, Robert Axelrod, Susan R. Barry, Daniel Bell, John Bradshaw, Allan Brandt, Richard Brookhiser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, William F. Buckley, Stephen Carter, Iris Chang, George Chauncey, Stephanie Coontz, Dinesh D ’ Souza, Devra Davis, Richard Dawkins, Hernando de Soto, Jared Diamond, Michael Eric Dyson, Thomas B. Edsall, Richard Evans, Graham Farmelo, Niall Ferguson, Richard Feynman, Richard Florida, Robin Lane Fox, Sigmund Freud, Howard Gardner, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Clifford Geertz, George Gilder, Barry Glassner, Robert Harms, Judith L. Herman, Christopher Hitchens, Douglas Hofstadter, Samuel P. Huntington, Jacqueline Jones, June Jordan, Leszek Kołakowski, Lawrence Krauss, Irving Kristol, George Lakoff, Edward Larson, Christopher Lasch, Mary Lefkowitz, Lawrence Lessig, Claude Levi-Strauss, Bernard Lewis, Robert Jay Lifton, Jeff Madrick, Nelson Mandela, Benoit Mandelbrot, Ernst Mayr, Walter A. McDougall, John McWhorter, Dana Milbank, Alice Miller, Walter Mosley, Charles Murray, Richard John Neuhaus, Donald Norman, Robert Nozick, Joseph S. Nye, Jr., James T. Patterson, Orlando Patterson, Jean Piaget, Steven Pinker, Karl Popper, Samantha Power, Diane Ravitch, Eugene Rogan, Juliet Schor, Brent Scowcroft, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Lee Smolin, Timothy Snyder, Thomas Sowell, Ian Stewart, Cass Sunstein, Beverly Daniel Tatum, Lester Thurow, Sherry Turkle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Michael Walzer, Elizabeth Warren, George Weigel, Steven Weinberg, Cornel West, Frank Wilczek, A. N.

In scattering theory, the Dyson series, formulated by British-born American physicist Freeman Dyson, is a perturbative series, and each term is represented by Feynman diagrams.

Although his arguments sometimes lacked mathematical rigor even by physicists ' standards and glossed over details such as the derivation of Ward-Takahashi identities of the quantum theory, his calculations worked, and Freeman Dyson soon demonstrated that his method was substantially equivalent to those of Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, with whom Feynman shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The vertices of Feynman graphs come from the way that and from different factors in the interaction Lagrangian fit together, whereas the edges come from the way that the s and s must be moved around in order to put terms in the Dyson series on normal form.

This " divergence problem " was solved in the case of quantum electrodynamics during the late 1940s and early 1950s by Hans Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson, through the procedure known as renormalization.

and the men who made it: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga, Princeton University Press ( 1994 ) 0-691-03327-7

Andrei Sakharov classified Ward as one of the " titans " of quantum electrodynamics alongside Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga.