# REDIRECT Dysprosium ( III ) chloride

Dysprosium chloride may refer to:

* Dysprosium ( II ) chloride ( dysprosium dichloride ), DyCl < sub > 2 </ sub >

* Dysprosium ( III ) chloride ( dysprosium trichloride ), DyCl < sub > 3 </ sub >

# REDIRECT Dysprosium ( III ) chloride

Dysprosium fires cannot be put out by water.

Dysprosium can then be separated from other rare earth metals by an ion exchange displacement process.

Dysprosium ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66.

Dysprosium is quite electropositive and reacts slowly with cold water and quite quickly with hot water to form dysprosium hydroxide:

Dysprosium metal vigorously reacts with all the halogens at above 200 ° C:

Dysprosium combines with various non-metals at high temperatures to form binary compounds with varying composition and oxidation states + 3 and sometimes + 2, such as DyN, DyP, DyH < sub > 2 </ sub > and DyH < sub > 3 </ sub >; DyS, DyS < sub > 2 </ sub >, Dy < sub > 2 </ sub > S < sub > 3 </ sub > and Dy < sub > 5 </ sub > S < sub > 7 </ sub >; DyB < sub > 2 </ sub >, DyB < sub > 4 </ sub >, DyB < sub > 6 </ sub > and DyB < sub > 12 </ sub >, as well as Dy < sub > 3 </ sub > C and Dy < sub > 2 </ sub > C < sub > 3 </ sub >.

Dysprosium is never encountered as a free element, but is found in many minerals, including xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, blomstrandine, monazite and bastnäsite ; often with erbium and holmium or other rare earth elements.

About 100 tonnes of dysprosium are produced worldwide each year, with 99 % of that total produced in China Dysprosium prices have climbed nearly twentyfold, from $ 7 per pound in 2003, to $ 130 a pound in late 2010.

Dysprosium is used, in conjunction with vanadium and other elements, in making laser materials and commercial lighting.

Dysprosium is one of the components of Terfenol-D, along with iron and terbium.

Dysprosium nitrate, Dy ( NO < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >, is a strong oxidizing agent and will readily ignite upon contact with organic substances.

Dysprosium titanate is a promising replacement for Ag-In-Cd alloys because it has a much higher melting point, does not tend to react with cladding materials, is easy to produce, does not produce radioactive waste, does not swell, and does not outgas.

Dysprosium titanate is a new material currently undergoing evaluation for pressurized water control rods.

Dysprosium is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications, and as a component of Terfenol-D. Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.

Dysprosium metal tarnishes slowly in air and burns readily to form dysprosium ( III ) oxide:

Dysprosium carbonate, Dy < sub > 2 </ sub >( CO < sub > 3 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >, and dysprosium sulfate, Dy < sub > 2 </ sub >( SO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >, result from similar reactions.

Dysprosium iodide and dysprosium bromide are used in high intensity lighting.

Dysprosium oxide, also known as dysprosia, is a white powder that is highly magnetic, more so than iron oxide.

Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.

Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in the 1950s.

Dysprosium is a rare earth element that has a metallic, bright silver luster.

Dysprosium and holmium have the highest magnetic strengths of the elements, especially at low temperatures.

Dysprosium has a simple ferromagnetic ordering at temperatures below.

Dysprosium halides, such as DyF < sub > 3 </ sub > and DyBr < sub > 3 </ sub >, tend to take on a yellow color.

Dysprosium also has at least 11 metastable isomers, ranging in atomic mass from 140 to 165.

Dysprosium is obtained primarily from monazite sand, a mixture of various phosphates.

Dysprosium is used in dosimeters for measuring ionizing radiation.

* WebElements. com – Dysprosium

Dioxins occur as by-products in the manufacture of some organochlorines, in the incineration of chlorine-containing substances such as PVC ( polyvinyl chloride ), in the chlorine bleaching of paper, and from natural sources such as volcanoes and forest fires.

The most common compound of chlorine, sodium chloride, has been known since ancient times ; however, around 1630, chlorine gas was obtained by the Belgian chemist and physician Jan Baptist van Helmont.

In the form of chloride ions, however, chlorine is necessary to most species, including humans.

Indium ( III ) compounds are not well-soluble, similarly to thallium ( III ) compounds ; however, indium ( III ) salts of strong acids, such as chloride, sulfate and nitrate are soluble, hydrolyzing in water solutions.

These channels are non-selective for small anions ; however chloride is the most abundant anion, and hence they are known as chloride channels.

This channel is primarily responsible for controlling the movement of halogens from inside to outside of the cell ; however, in the sweat ducts it facilitates the movement of chloride from the sweat into the cytoplasm.

Copper wire will create a blue colored flame, however in the presence of chloride gives green ( molecular contribution by CuCl ).

The HAP emissions associated with polyurethane foam production include methylene chloride, toluene diisocyanate, methyl chloroform, methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, propylene oxide, diethanolamine, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, and toluene however not all chemical emissions associated with the production of these material have been classified.

There is plentiful freshwater on the island ; however, many naturally occurring wells contain chloride salts.

Sodium chloride is believed to mitigate the reproduction of Velvet, however this treatment is not itself sufficient for the complete eradication of an outbreak.

The term is primarily written to be applied to liquids ; however, it may be used to describe the process of sublimation which is associated with solid substances, such as dry ice ( solid carbon dioxide ) and ammonium chloride, which can change directly from the solid state to a vapor without becoming liquid.