EELS is perhaps best developed for the elements ranging from carbon through the 3d transition metals ( from scandium to zinc ).

Other flavors include reflection EELS ( including reflection high-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy ( RHEELS ), typically at 10 to 30 keV ) and aloof EELS ( sometimes called near-field EELS, in which the electron beam does not in fact strike the sample but instead interacts with it via the long-ranged Coulomb interaction ; aloof EELS is particularly sensitive to surface properties but is limited to very small energy losses such as those associated with surface plasmons or direct interband transitions ).

* A Database of EELS fine structure fingerprints at Cornell

In contrast to e. g. Core Level EELS which operates at very high energies and can therefore also be found in Transmission Electron Microscopes ( TEM ).

EELS has historically been a more difficult technique but is in principle capable of measuring atomic composition, chemical bonding, valence and conduction band electronic properties, surface properties, and element-specific pair distance distribution functions.

With the addition of EELS, elemental identification is possible and even additional capabilities of determining electronic structure or chemical bonding of atomic columns.

* A database of EELS and X-Ray excitation spectra

Utilizing the advanced technique of EELS, for TEMs appropriately equipped electrons can be rejected based upon their voltage ( which, due to constant charge is their energy ), using magnetic sector based devices known as EELS spectrometers.

EELS spectrometers can often be operated in both spectroscopic and imaging modes, allowing for isolation or rejection of elastically scattered beams.

As for many images inelastic scattering will include information that may not be of interest to the investigator thus reducing observable signals of interest, EELS imaging can be used to enhance contrast in observed images, including both bright field and diffraction, by rejecting unwanted components.

Experimentally, sp < sup > 2 </ sup > to sp < sup > 3 </ sup > ratios can be determined by comparing the relative intensities of various spectroscopic peaks ( including EELS, XPS, and Raman Spectroscopy ) to those expected for graphite or diamond.

The low-angle inelastically scattered electrons used in EELS compliments the high-angle scattered electrons in ADF images by allowing both signals to be acquired simultaneously.

* Electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS )

In electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS ) a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range of kinetic energies.

The difference is mainly due to the difference in energy resolution between the two techniques (~ 1 eV or better for EELS, perhaps a few times ten eV for EDX ).

There are several basic flavors of EELS, primarily classified by the geometry and by the kinetic energy of the incident electrons ( typically measured in kiloelectron-volts, or keV ).

The rastering of the beam across the sample makes these microscopes suitable for analysis techniques such as mapping by energy dispersive X-ray ( EDX ) spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS ) and annular dark-field imaging ( ADF ).

Electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS ) as a STEM measurement technique made possible with the addition of an electron spectrometer.

* Electron energy loss spectroscopy ( EELS )

Hence in contrast to other Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopies ( EELS ) HREELS deals with small energy losses in the range of 10 < sup >− 3 </ sup > eV to 1 eV.

In the case of EELS the first thing to think of in order to achieve high resolution is using incident electrons of a very precisely defined energy and a high quality analyzer.

EELS is often spoken of as being complementary to energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy ( variously called EDX, EDS, XEDS, etc.

However, direct measurement of nitrogen in the platelets by EELS ( an analytical technique of electron microscopy ) revealed very little nitrogen.

Probably the most common today is transmission EELS, in which the kinetic energies are typically 100 to 300 keV and the incident electrons pass entirely through the material sample.

Within transmission EELS, the technique is further subdivided into valence EELS ( which measures plasmons and interband transitions ) and inner-shell ionization EELS ( which provides much the same information as x-ray absorption spectroscopy, but from much smaller volumes of material ).

As a group they should be favorable to a concept of gradual Germanic infiltration although the specialist nature of much of their work, e.g. Seebohm, Gray and Finberg, tends to obscure their sympathies.

These simple earning rules work well for small or simple projects because generally each activity tends to be fairly short in duration.

The US media tends to portray feminism negatively and feminists " are less often associated with day-to-day work / leisure activities of regular women.

The factual content of the work tends to be deemed more credible as it discusses more recent times, as the distance in time between the events described and the composition of the saga was shorter, allowing traditions to be retained in a largely accurate form, and because in the twelfth century the first contemporary written sources begin to emerge in Norway.

It may be classified as a specific sub-genre of Bildungsroman ; such a work, usually a novel, tends to depict the conflicts of a sensitive youth against the values of a bourgeois society of his or her time.

This commentary tends to focus on the meaning of the mishnayot themselves, without as much reliance on the Gemara's interpretation and is, therefore, considered valuable as a tool for the study of Mishnah as an independent work.

Peter's Corollary states that " n time, every post tends to be occupied by an employee who is incompetent to carry out its duties " and adds that " work is accomplished by those employees who have not yet reached their level of incompetence.

His seminal work is concerned with the principles of legislation and the hedonic calculus is introduced with the words “ Pleasures then, and the avoidance of pains, are the ends that the legislator has in view .” In Chapter VII Bentham says, “ The business of government is to promote the happiness of the society, by punishing and rewarding … In proportion as an act tends to disturb that happiness, in proportion as the tendency of it is pernicious, will be the demand it creates for punishment .”

While many homes have word processors on their computers, word processing in the home tends to be educational, planning or business related, dealing with assignments or work being completed at home, or occasionally recreational, e. g. writing short stories.

This treatment is combined with the use of a pumice stone, but tends to work very slowly.

Bearing in mind the context in which the members of ASIS work, it is not surprising that there should develop a culture which sets great store by faithfulness and stoicism and tends to elevate conformity to undue heights and to regard the exercise of authority rather than consultation as the managerial norm.

Though Bourdieu might agree with Coleman that social capital in the abstract is a neutral resource, his work tends to show how it can be used practically to produce or reproduce inequality, demonstrating for instance how people gain access to powerful positions through the direct and indirect employment of social connections.

Robert Putnam has used the concept in a much more positive light: though he was at first careful to argue that social capital was a neutral term, stating “ whether or not shared are praiseworthy is, of course, entirely another matter ”, his work on American society tends to frame social capital as a producer of " civic engagement " and also a broad societal measure of communal health.

The danger is that ' such criticism tends to be reductive, explaining away the ambiguities of works of literature by reference to established psychoanalytic doctrine ; and very little of this work retains much influence today '.

Since automobile use tends to be greater than public transportation use, it also becomes the norm for people to work towards car ownership.

The second law can be phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive of which is that heat flows spontaneously from hotter to colder places ; the most well known statement is that entropy tends to increase ( see entropy production ), or at the least stay the same ; another statement is that no heat engine ( an engine which produces work while moving heat from a high temperature to a low temperature ) can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine.

He tends to stress attending church and community work over any involved study of biblical text.

Jarrah tends to work well in slow combustion stoves and closed fires and generates a greater heat than most other available woods.

In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and established to work in multiple laboratories.

Video sampling tends to work on a completely different scale altogether thanks to the highly nonlinear response both of cathode ray tubes ( for which the vast majority of digital video foundation work was targeted ) and the human eye, using a " gamma curve " to provide an appearance of evenly distributed brightness steps across the display's full dynamic range-hence the need to use RAMDACs in computer video applications with deep enough colour resolution to make engineering a hardcoded value into the DAC for each output level of each channel impractical ( e. g. an Atari ST or Sega Genesis would require 24 such values ; a 24-bit video card would need 768 ...).

The work has a consistent and notorious bias in favour of Florentines and tends to attribute to them all the developments in Renaissance art — for example, the invention of engraving.

While Ingle represents a " magic realism " that harks back to Roh's ideas, the term " magic realism " in mid-20th century visual art tends to refer to work that incorporates overtly fantastic elements, somewhat in the manner of its literary counterpart.

As a result, the work on this label tends towards free improvisation and experimental music.