However, the cryptography keys for EFS are in practice protected by the user account password, and are therefore susceptible to most password attacks.

The EFS component driver treats this encryption attribute in a way that is analogous to the inheritance of file permissions in NTFS: if a folder is marked for encryption, then by default all files and subfolders that are created under the folder are also encrypted.

In Windows 2000, the local administrator is the default Data Recovery Agent, capable of decrypting all files encrypted with EFS by any local user.

Any non-domain-joined Windows 2000 computer will be susceptible to unauthorized EFS decryption by anyone who can take over the local Administrator account, which is trivial given many tools available freely on the Internet.

Files encrypted with EFS can only be decrypted by using the RSA private key ( s ) matching the previously used public key ( s ).

If EFS is configured to use keys issued by a Public Key Infrastructure and the PKI is configured to enable Key Archival and Recovery, encrypted files can be recovered by recovering the private key first.

* EFS self-signed certificates, when using ECC, will use 256-bit key by default.

When encrypting files with EFS – when converting plaintext files to encrypted files – the plaintext files are not wiped, but simply deleted.

Cryptographic file system implementations for other operating systems are available, but the Microsoft EFS is not compatible with any of them.

The FEK ( the symmetric key that is used to encrypt the file ) is then encrypted with a public key that is associated with the user who encrypted the file, and this encrypted FEK is stored in the $ EFS alternate data stream of the encrypted file.

To decrypt the file, the EFS component driver uses the private key that matches the EFS digital certificate ( used to encrypt the file ) to decrypt the symmetric key that is stored in the $ EFS stream.

The EFS component driver then uses the symmetric key to decrypt the file.

Backup applications that have implemented these Raw APIs will simply copy the encrypted file stream and the $ EFS alternate data stream as a single file.

Extent File System or EFS is an older extent-based file system used in IRIX releases prior to version 5. 3.

* Concord EFS, Inc., a corporation that merged in 2004 with First Data

Accessing encrypted files from outside Windows with other operating systems ( Linux, for example ) is not possible — not least of which because there is currently no third party EFS component driver.

By using an iSCSI client on a Windows OS ( Microsoft has free iSCSI clients for their OS's ) and a Linux device with iSCSI support, you can create an iSCSI virtual drive ( hosted on a remote networked device ), format it as NTFS, and then store EFS folders and data on it.

In the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems EFS enables this measure, although on NTFS drives only, and does so using a combination of public key cryptography and symmetric key cryptography to make decrypting the files extremely difficult without the correct key.

Windows EFS supports a range of symmetric encryption algorithms, depending on the version of Windows in use when the files are encrypted:

* Enforcement of RSAKeyLength setting for enforcing a minimum key length when enrolling self-signed EFS certificates

* EFS self-signed certificates enrolled on the Windows Server 2008 server will default to 2048-bit RSA key length

* All EFS templates ( user and data recovery agent certificates ) default to 2048-bit RSA key length

Some EFS settings can also be mandated via Group Policy in Windows domain environments.

To fully mitigate known, non-challenging technical attacks against EFS, you should configure encryption at the folder level ( so that all temporary files like Word document backups which are created in these directories are also encrypted ).

SGI's own Extent File System ( EFS ) replaced the System V filesystem.

Certain new features are common across all editions of Windows 2000, among them NTFS 3. 0, the Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ), UDF support, the Encrypting File System ( EFS ), Logical Disk Manager, Image Color Management 2. 0, support for PostScript 3-based printers, OpenType < tt >(. OTF )</ tt > and Type 1 PostScript < tt >(. PFB )</ tt > font support, the Data protection API ( DPAPI ), an LDAP / Active Directory-enabled Address Book, usability enhancements and multi-language and locale support.

* Embedded File System ( EFS )-Open Source cross-platform C ++ implementation of Virtual File System

The Encrypting File System ( EFS ) on Microsoft Windows is a feature introduced in version 3. 0 of NTFS that provides filesystem-level encryption.

* EFS Key backup prompts

A Windows Vista Ultimate Extra, called Secure Online Key Backup allowed backing up EFS recovery certificates, as well as the BitLocker recovery password in the Digital Locker.

* Concord EFS, Inc. ( stock symbol CE on the New York Stock Exchange )

EFS is available in all versions of Windows developed for business environments from Windows 2000 onwards.

Two significant security vulnerabilities existed in Windows 2000 EFS, and have been variously targeted since.

EFS in Windows 2000 cannot function without a recovery agent, so there is always someone who can decrypt encrypted files of the users.

Helion also hoped that America's mastery of technology and industrial efficiency would be accompanied by the production of new and beautiful art works.

The tradition reached its apex, perhaps, in the works of Thomas Nelson Page toward the end of the century, and reappeared undiminished as late as 1934 in the best-selling novel So Red The Rose, by Stark Young.

But fifty years later the trilogy still maintains a firm place in the list of standard works on the unification of Italy, a position cautiously prophesied by the reviewers at the time of publication.

Like most major works of synthesis, The History Of England is informed by the positive views of a first-class mind, and this is surely a major work.

Although Patchen has given previous evidence of an interest in jazz, the musical group that he works with, the Chamber Jazz Sextet, is often ignored by jazz critics.

For it is such a distinguished place, with such fine works of art and such a big library, that there can be little doubt but that the owner has become depraved by all this culture.

Mr. Claude is a specialist in torso development and he has long favored the now-famous Weider Push-Pull Super-Set technique in which one exercise of the Super-Set is a pressing or `` pushing '' movement which accents one sector of a muscle group in a specific way, followed by a `` pulling '' exercise which works the opposing sector of the same muscle group.

Can your plant nurse be replaced by a trained first-aid man who works full-time on some other assignment??

Religion provides the most attractive rewards, either in this world or the next, for those who not merely abide by its norms, but who engage in good works.

Then, advised by the Architect of the Capitol, the Joint Committee for the Library, traditionally responsible for the works of art in the building, ordered the space cleared and painted in fresco, to show `` the Peace after the Civil War '', `` the Spanish-American War '', and `` the Birth of Aviation '', to match as nearly as feasible Brumidi's technique and composition.

Any example of grand or exquisite diction may have been created by the poet who compiled numerous lays into the two works we possess or may be due to one of his completely unknown fellow-craftsmen.

This explanation is attractive, but is vitiated at least in part by the observation that Cynewulf, though he used kennings in the traditional manner, was a literate man who four times inscribed his name by runes into his works.

The last two writers introduce strong political bias into their works, and not unlike the union leaders that we will discuss soon, see folklore as a reservoir of protest by a downtrodden and publically silenced mass.

The Jewish working girl almost invariably works in an office -- in contradistinction to gentile factory workers -- and, buttressed by a respectable income, she is likely to dress better and live more expansively than the college student.

A big-league municipal stadium at Flushing Meadow Park is in the works, and once the lease is signed the local club will be formally recognized by Commissioner Ford C. Frick.

Nor can any man save himself by good works or by a commendable `` moral life '', although such works are the natural fruits and evidences of a saving faith already received and naturally expressing itself through such avenues.

Being convinced that salvation is alone by accepting Christ as Saviour, and being convicted by the Holy Spirit of my lost condition, I do repent of all effort to be saved by any form of good works, and just now receive Jesus as my personal Saviour and salvation as a free gift from Him.

Most of the still extant works of Aristotle, as well as a number of the original Greek commentaries, were translated into Arabic and studied by Muslim philosophers, scientists and scholars.

As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work.