Electrothermal-chemical ( ETC ) technology is an attempt to increase accuracy and muzzle energy of future tank, artillery, and close-in weapon system guns by improving the predictability and rate of expansion of propellants inside the barrel.

ETC technology offers a medium-risk upgrade and is to the point, currently, where changes for maturity are so minor that it can be considered as a realistic replacement for current solid propellant guns within the next two decades.

However, the success of the XM-291 doesn't imply the success of ETC technology as there are key parts of the propulsion system that are not yet understood or fully developed, such as the plasma ignition process.

Nevertheless, there is substantial existing evidence that ETC technology is viable and something worth the money to continue development.

Although the XM-291 does not immediately mean that ETC technology is viable at this current point in time it does offer an example that it is possible and that continued research in the area is worth the advantages reaped if such a system was to be successfully implemented on a modern tank.

Furthermore, ETC technology is not only applicable to solid propellants.

The ability of ETC technology to be applied to existing gun designs means that for future gun upgrades there's no longer the necessity to redesign the turret to include a larger breech or caliber gun barrel.

Several countries have already determined that ETC technology is viable for the future and have funded indigenous projects considerably.

The United States ' XM360, which is planned to equip the Future Combat Systems Mounted Combat System light tank and may be the M1 Abrams ' next gun upgrade, is reportedly based on the XM291 and may include ETC technology, or portions of ETC technology.

Tests of this gun have been performed using " precision ignition " technology, which may refer to ETC ignition.

The Emerging Technologies Center ( ETC ) is business incubator intended to support growing technology and biotechnology companies.

Electronic toll collection ( ETC ), an adaptation of military " identification friend or foe " technology, aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads by collecting tolls electronically.

Congestion pricing or urban toll schemes were implemented to enter the downtown area using ETC technology and / or cameras and video recognition technology to get the plate numbers in several cities around the world: urban tolling in Norway's three major cities: Bergen ( 1986 ), Oslo ( 1990 ), and Trondheim ( 1991 ) ( see Trondheim Toll Scheme ); Singapore in 1998 ( see Singapore ’ s Electronic Road Pricing ), as an upgrade to the world's first successful congestion pricing scheme implemented with manual control in 1975 ( see also Singapore's Area Licensing Scheme ); Rome in 2001 as an upgrade to the manual zone control system implemented in 1998 ; London in 2003 and extended in 2007 ( see London congestion charge ); Stockholm, tested in 2006 and made the charge permanent in 2007 ( see Stockholm congestion tax ); and in Valletta, the capital city of Malta, since May 2007.

As the first ETC system in North America was installed on the Dallas North Tollway in 1989, many California toll facilities started to express interest in the technology.

In 1995, Coelho formed ETC w / tci, an education and training technology company in Washington, DC.

Electronic throttle control ( ETC ) is an automobile technology which severs the mechanical link between the accelerator pedal and the throttle.

In February 2009 ETC acquired the Selador product line, an innovative LED performance set of lighting fixtures based on X7 technology.

In 2011 the LED technology has also finally reached the ERS applications, with several major lighting manufacturer companies worldwide introducing an energy saving, no maintenance, modern version of the standard ETC Source Four.

This was the beginning of OKI ’ s wireless technology, and today ( as of 2009 ) OKI expands this technology into vehicle-to-vehicle communications and other ETC ( Electronic toll collection ) technologies.

Telecommunications in Ethiopia is currently a monopoly in the control of Ethio Telecom, formerly the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation ( ETC ); all telephone service and internet access requires Ethio Telecom to be involved.

: ETC is the estimate to complete the remaining work of the project.

ETC is also a more viable option than other alternatives by definition.

Tests have shown that energy output by the propellant is higher than energy input from outside sources on ETC guns.

The world headquarters of one of the world's largest theatrical lighting manufacturers, Electronic Theatre Controls ( ETC ), is located here.

The picture, then, is that there is a large " extended technicolor " ( ETC ) gauge group G < sub > ETC </ sub > ⊃ G < sub > TC </ sub > in which technifermions, quarks, and leptons live in the same representations.

At one or more high scales Λ < sub > ETC </ sub >, G < sub > ETC </ sub > is broken down to G < sub > TC </ sub >, and quarks and leptons emerge as the TC-singlet fermions.

This can be done using the MAC ( Machine Access Control ) addresses from Bluetooth devices, or using the RFID serial numbers from Electronic Toll Collection ( ETC ) transponders ( also called " toll tags ").

He also published many articles in his lifetime, in journals, including ETC: A Review of General Semantics.

These must acquire mass by virtue of the fact that the extra chiral symmetries are also explicitly broken, by the standard-model interactions and the ETC interactions.

His focus was to separate the chiral breaking and confinement scales, but he also noted that such a theory could enhance and thus allow the ETC scale to be raised.

In 1986 Akiba and Yanagida also considered enhancing quark and lepton masses, by simply assuming that α < sub > TC </ sub > is constant and strong all the way up to the ETC scale.

The term ETC Group may also refer to an energy consulting company, ETC Group LLC.

* Electronic toll collection device data: ETC transponders, which are uniquely identifiable, may be read not only at toll collection points ( e. g. toll bridges ) but also at many non-toll locations.

It is also an " Electronic Trade Confirmation System " (" ETC ") ( using TRAX ).

During that period, it also adopted the idiosyncratic practice of calling its ATMs Electronic Teller Card ( ETC ) machines.

The ETC is also working ' behind the scenes ' to dramatically improve the ease with which the driver can execute gear changes and deal with the dramatic torque changes associated with rapid accelerations and decelerations.

ETC also manufactures the Transtechnik brand of dimming and control systems, studio automation systems, as well as IES Matrix dimming systems, used throughout Europe.

There is also an Electronic Toll Collection ( ETC ) card system installed in many cars which automatically pays at the toll gate.

Currently, FasTrak transponders are not compatible with E-ZPass and other ETC systems used in other states.

SunPass, like the other related ETC systems in Florida, is currently not compatible with E-ZPass or other ETC systems outside of Florida.

Understandably, recoil of a gun firing a projectile at 17 MJ or more will increase directly with the increase in muzzle energy in accordance to Newton's third law of motion and successful implementation of recoil reduction mechanisms will be vital to the installation of an ETC powered gun in an existing vehicle design.

An electron transport chain ( ETC ) couples electron transfer between an electron donor ( such as NADH ) and an electron acceptor ( such as O < sub > 2 </ sub >) with the transfer of H < sup >+</ sup > ions ( protons ) across a membrane.

For a quark of mass m < sub > q </ sub > ≅ 1 GeV, and with Λ < sub > TC </ sub > ≅ 250 GeV, one estimates Λ < sub > ETC </ sub > ≅ 15 TeV.

Such huge ETC mass scales imply tiny quark and lepton masses and ETC contributions to M < sub > πT </ sub > of at most a few GeV, in conflict with LEP searches for π < sub > T </ sub > at the Z < sup > 0 </ sup >.

In 1981 Holdom suggested that, if the α < sub > TC </ sub >( μ ) evolves to a nontrivial fixed point in the ultraviolet, with a large positive anomalous dimension γ < sub > m </ sub > for, realistic quark and lepton masses could arise with Λ < sub > ETC </ sub > large enough to suppress ETC-induced mixing.

ETC was first introduced in Bergen, in 1986, operating together with traditional tollbooths.

The United States is another country with widespread use of ETC in several states, though many U. S. toll roads maintain the option of manual collection.

Although marketed as included in the retail box, the bonus items are only available to new accounts created with the 60-day ETC.

Badging was restricted to ETC badges on both C-pillars, a Cadillac crest on the grille along with the Cadillac script logo and a special " Cadillac Motor Car Company " badge on the trunk, which it shared with the STS.

As with other ETC systems, FasTrak is designed to eliminate the need for cars to stop to pay at toll booths, thus decreasing the traffic congestion traditionally associated with toll roads.

She was educated at the North London Collegiate School and Somerville College, Oxford, where she read English, performed with the Oxford University Dramatic Society ( OUDS ), became Secretary of The Experimental Theatre Club ( ETC ) and joined the Oxford Theatre Group, performing in Oxford and Edinburgh.

Known as RAFI ( Rural Advancement Foundation International ) until 1 September 2001, the ETC Group traces its history back to the National Sharecroppers Fund that was established in the 1930s by Eleanor Roosevelt ( amongst others ) to alleviate the plight of poor, mostly black tenant farmers in the U. S. In the early 1970s, Pat Mooney, Hope Shand, and Cary Fowler began working on the Seeds Issue through the Rural Advancement Foundation — and, in time, set up an international arm concerned with the rights of farmers in the global south.

By 2000, there was some confusion with the original Rural Advancement Foundation ( now called RAFI-USA ), so RAFI changed its name to ETC Group to reflect its wider scope of concern.

In an effort to inform opinion about synthetic biology, the ETC Group has released several comic-style illustrations regarding " Synthia ", the cell with the first synthetic genome created by Craig Venter and the J. Craig Venter Institute.

In a news conference meant to address the concerns surrounding synthetic biology at the local, national, and international level, five panelists including Jim Thomas of ETC Group, spoke on the risks associated with synthetic biology.

An ETC Expression 3 Lighting Console is at the head of the system with an array of lighting fixtures by manufacturers such as Colortran, Altman, Rainbow, Clay & Paky and ETC Source Fours, High End.

A lower ' trench ' with a Rank Strand Duet 2 lighting desk later to be replaced by an Arri / ETC Imagine and vision control and colour matching for the four Link 125 and two Ikegami HL-79D cameras.