Earlier, the guilds of writers had denounced the printing press as " the Devil's Invention ", and were responsible for a 53-year lag between its invention by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe in c. 1440 and its introduction to the Ottoman society with the first Gutenberg press in Istanbul that was established by the Sephardic Jews of Spain in 1493 ( who had migrated to the Ottoman Empire a year earlier, escaping from the Spanish Inquisition of 1492.

Earlier writers have applied the term to lawyers, to the British queens consort ( acting as a free agent, independent of the king ), and to the proletariat.

Earlier in the fourth season, ABC had announced and promised an additional fifth year of the show, so the show's producers and writers were caught unprepared when ABC later changed its mind and decided that no new episodes would be produced.

" Earlier in the year Coughlan had also duetted with Dave Couse on the song " Good Friday " from Couse's Alonewalk, a union notable, some would say, for involving Ireland's two most mordant song writers.

Earlier work, including Luis Buñuel's 1933 Land Without Bread, Orson Welles's 1938 radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds, various April Fool's Day news reports, and vérité style film and television during the 1960s and 1970s, served as precursor to the genre.

Earlier story arcs each take on the form of a different genre: the first is a murder mystery, the next a conspiracy thriller, and then a caper story.

Earlier in the same scene, a girl singing along with a piano is playing a famous theme of Portugal's traditional genre Fado de Coimbra, named " Coimbra Menina e Moça ".

Earlier works in the genre were preceded by an allegorical prologue and, during the lifetime of Louis XIV, these generally celebrated the king's noble qualities and his prowess in war.

Earlier generations will remember other notable characters who have been phased out, such as Biffo the Bear and Lord Snooty.

Earlier Indian epics such as Vyasa's Mahabharata and Valmiki's Ramayana also contained fables within the main story, often as side stories or back-story.

Earlier, such terms were introduced in the Maxwell – Stefan diffusion equation.

Earlier Khoisan populations were absorbed by Bantu peoples, such as the Sotho and Nguni, but the Bantu expansion stopped at the region with winter rainfall.

Earlier curved sword designs similar to the katana were used in China such as the Zhanmadao.

Earlier cell cycle checkpoints such as post-restriction point check between G < sub > 1 </ sub > phase and S phase similarly involve proteasomal degradation of cyclin A, whose ubiquitination is promoted by the anaphase promoting complex ( APC ), an E3 ubiquitin ligase.

Earlier rendering algorithms, such as Whitted-style ray tracing were capable of computing effects such as reflections, refractions, and shadows, but despite being highly global phenomena, these effects were not commonly referred to as " global illumination.

Earlier Christians fighting the Moors, such as Pelayo, could plausibly be described as natives opposing foreign invasion and conquest ; however, by the time most parts of Muslim Iberia were ( re ) conquered by Christian forces, the Muslim population there was centuries old, and much of it undoubtedly composed of converted Iberians rather than migrants from other Muslim lands.

Earlier references such as a reference to an actual seal from his vineyard are said not to prove he sold wine just fermented his grapes for his own use.

Earlier systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, and the Engler system, updated in 1964, recognised a similar order ( containing the same plants, although divided over fewer families ) Scitamineae.

Earlier books such as What Every Girl Should Know ( Margaret Sanger, 1920 ) and A Marriage Manual ( Hannah and Abraham Stone, 1939 ) had broken the silence in which many people, women in particular, had grown up in.

Earlier infantry anti-tank weapons, such as anti-tank rifles, anti-tank missiles and magnetic anti-tank mines, had limited armor-penetration abilities and / or required a soldier to approach the target closely.

Earlier ccNUMA systems such as those from Silicon Graphics were based on MIPS processors and the DEC Alpha 21364 ( EV7 ) processor.

Earlier treatments may be found in history of religion and belief in magic power of spells, also later in monotheistic religions, such as in the works of some church fathers, following much cited New Testament ideas like ζάω γάρ ὁ λόγος ὁ θεός καί ἐνεργής ( Hebrews 4: 12 ) in turn based on much cited Old Testament ideas like כן יהיה דברי אשר יצא מפי לא ־ ישוב אלי ריקם כי אם ־ עשה את ־ אשר חפצתי והצליח אשר שלחתיו ׃ ( Isaiah 55: 11 ).

Earlier restaurants were known for their Cape Cod-style buildings, blue roofs, small steeples, and nautically-themed decorations such as seats made to look like nautical flags.

Earlier invitational tournaments, such as the " Syraquiz " at Syracuse University, had occurred in the 1950s and 1960s.

Earlier ancestors, such as the Ahalolfings are suspected.

Earlier marches, such as the ones from George Frideric Handel, Wolfgang Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven tended to be part of a symphony or a movement in a suite.

Earlier, such videos had been rare: according to MTV, this was because it initially conceived itself as a rock-music-oriented channel, although musician Rick James was outspoken in his criticism of the cable channel, claiming in 1983 that MTV's refusal to air the music video for his song " Super Freak " and clips by other African-American performers was " blatant racism ".

Earlier microcomputer systems such as the MITS Altair used a series of switches on the front of the machine to enter data.

Earlier jazz styles typically were built on a framework of song forms, such as the twelve-bar blues or the 32-bar AABA popular song form, with a set framework of chord changes.

* Announcer Gary Owens standing in an old-time radio studio with his hand cupped over his ear, making announcements, often with little relation to the rest of the show, such as ( in an overly-dramatic voice ), " Earlier that evening ..."

Earlier forms of plantation agriculture were associated with large disparities of wealth and income, foreign ownership and political influence, and exploitative social systems such as indentured labor and slavery.

Earlier statements of this type had either been, except for Gentzen, extremely complicated, ad-hoc constructions ( such as the statements generated by the construction given in Gödel's incompleteness theorem ) or concerned metamathematics or combinatorial results.

Earlier in the same year, at the battle of George Square on 31 January, in Glasgow, the city's sheriff was in the process of reading the Riot Act to a crowd of 90, 000 – when the sheet of paper he was reading from was ripped out of his hands by one of the rioters.

Earlier in the evening, a truck driver for the Pacific Powder Company, George Rutherford, had parked his explosives truck in front of the building, a fact which went unnoticed until shortly before the truck exploded at around 1: 14 a. m., destroying buildings in an eight-block radius and severely damaging 30 more blocks.

Earlier that year, Philip had renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles ( he was born a Prince of Greece and Denmark, being a male-line grandson of king George I of Greece and male-line great-grandson of king Christian IX of Denmark ) along with his rights to the Greek throne.

Earlier live action films to use the new Technicolor process include the final musical number in the feature The Cat and the Fiddle released by MGM in February 1934, and in short sequences filmed for other movies made during 1934, including The House of Rothschild ( 20th Century Pictures / United Artists ) with George Arliss and Kid Millions ( Samuel Goldwyn / United Artists ) with Eddie Cantor.

Earlier that year, Mintz and his brother-in-law George Winkler had succeeded in snatching Oswald from the character's original creator, Walt Disney.

Earlier that year George IV had succeeded to the throne on the death of his long incapacitated father George III.

Earlier in 1797, he described his age to George Washington vaguely: " Born Sir at a period, when every American Breast palpitated for freedom, I became early attached to civil Liberty ...."

Earlier, Mosbacher headed the fund-raising effort for George H. W.

Earlier in an open letter to U. S. President George H. W. Bush he criticized the indifference towards the situation of Kurds.

Earlier in the same year, his name had been pending for elevation to the peerage by King George V. On May 2, 1929, the King proclaimed "... Cara Leland Broughton, widow of Urban Hanlon Broughton, may henceforth enjoy the same style and title as if her husband ... had survived and received the title and dignity of Baron Fairhaven ".

Earlier he played the hero, Will Ladislaw, in the BBC adaptation of George Eliot's Middlemarch.

Earlier in the game, the Titans jumped to an early 14-0 lead with touchdowns from Eddie George and Steve McNair before the Steelers converted three turnovers into 20 points.

Earlier in the year he had taken all nine wickets that fell for MCC against the Australians ( George Giffen was absent ).

( Earlier, ' I knew you were waiting ( for me )' by George Michael & Aretha Franklin on the Epic label had also reached number one, but this carried the personalised catalogue number Epic DUET 2 ).

Earlier in the year, the United States Secretary of War, John Armstrong, had given permission to destroy the nearby village of Newark if it became necessary to prevent British troops finding cover close to Fort George.