Early models to explain the origin of the index of refraction treated an electron in an atomic system classically according to the model of Paul Drude and Hendrik Lorentz.

Early in its history, the laboratory was part of the Manhattan Project, which built the first atomic bomb.

Early in 1944 Rotblat went with James Chadwick's group to work on the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs.

Early attempts to explain the behavior of electrons in atoms focused on solving the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom, the simplest possible case, with a single electron bound to the atomic nucleus.

Early considerations of the structure of hypervalent molecules, returned familiar arrangements that were well explained by the VSEPR model for atomic bonding.

Early applications of pseudopotentials to atoms and solids based on attempts to fit atomic spectra achieved only limited success.

While Swift ’ s proposal is obviously not a serious economic proposal, George Wittkowsky, author of " Swift ’ s Modest Proposal: The Biography of an Early Georgian Pamphlet ", argues that to understand the piece fully, it is important to understand the economics of Swift ’ s time.

Early versions had problems and did not become stable for some time.

Early forms of industry developed at this time ; however, unlike in other cities, no guilds were formed in Aarau.

Early BOFH editions took place in a university, moving on to an office workplace over time ( an exact transition is not given ).

Early Carboniferous land plants, some of which were preserved in coal balls, were very similar to those of the preceding Late Devonian, but new groups also appeared at this time.

( During the Early Middle Ages, troops were only available after the crops had been planted and before harvesting time.

Early computer-music programs typically did not run in real time.

In his book The Early Islamic Conquests ( 1981 ), Fred Donner argues that the standard Arabian practice at the time was for the prominent men of a kinship group, or tribe, to gather after a leader's death and elect a leader from amongst themselves.

The term dagger is coined in this time, as are the Early Modern German equivalents dolch ( tolch ) and degen ( tegen ).

Early warnings, made a few days ahead of potential events, are of significant benefit, giving additional time to allow contingency plans to be put into place.

Early in series 2 and 3, the executive producers of the time approach Marty and ask him to explain Emma.

The " Abecedarian Early Intervention Project ", an all-day program that provided various forms of environmental enrichment to children from infancy onward, showed IQ gains that did not diminish over time.

Early in 1960, Kelly, an ardent Francophile and fluent French speaker, was invited by A. M. Julien, the general administrator of the Paris Opéra and Opéra-Comique, to select his own material and create a modern ballet for the company, the first time an American had received such an assignment.

Early in their careers they had all worked at the same time at the Palazzo Barberini, initially under Carlo Maderno and on his death, under Bernini.

Early plans saw it being launched by Space Shuttle Columbia on what was then codenamed STS-23 in January 1982, but delays in the development of the Space Shuttle allowed more time for development of the probe.

Early editors of Shakespeare's works, beginning with Nicholas Rowe ( 1709 ) and Lewis Theobald ( 1733 ), combined material from the two earliest sources of Hamlet available at the time, Q2 and F1.

Though the Early Church used the Old Testament according to the canon of the Septuagint ( LXX ), the apostles did not otherwise leave a defined set of new scriptures ; instead the New Testament developed over time.

Early tributes as to what Tenniel in his role as a national observer meant to the British nation around the time of his death came in as high praise ; in 1914 New York Tribune journalist George W. Smalley referred to John Tenniel as “ one of the greatest intellectual forces of his time, ( who ) understood social laws and political energies .”

Early in The Who's career, they sought to differentiate themselves apart from other bands of the time.

Early MUMPS memory partitions were limited to 2048 bytes so aggressive abbreviation greatly aided multi-programming on severely resource limited hardware, because more than one MUMPS job could fit into the very small memories extant in hardware at the time.

Early MUMPS programmers would often store a structure of related information as a delimited string, parsing it after it was read in ; this saved disk access time and offered considerable speed advantages on some hardware.

Early analog synthesizers were usually monophonic ( capable of playing only one note at a time ), and controlled via a voltage produced by their keyboards.

Early Methodists were drawn from all levels of society, including the aristocracy, but the Methodist preachers took the message to labourers and criminals who tended to be left outside organized religion at that time.

scleritic scales, known from the Early Cambrian

Pterygotid eurypterids, which lived from the Early Silurian to Devonian periods, were characterized by small to large exoskeletons with semilunar scales.

Thelodont scales are globally widespread during the Silurian and Early Devonian times, becoming restricted in range to Gondwana, until their extinction in the Late Devonian ( Frasnian ).

Early European analog cellular networks consisted of a mix of technologies and protocols that varied from country to country, meaning that phones did not necessarily work on different networks.

Early Western exploration of Islam consisted primarily of translation of the Qur ' an and a few histories.

Early Vedic society consisted of largely pastoral groups, with late Harappan urbanization having been abandoned.

Early skate tricks had consisted mainly of two-dimensional manoeuvres like riding on only two wheels (" wheelie " or " manual "), spinning only on the back wheels ( a " pivot "), high jumping over a bar and landing on the board again, also known as a " hippie jump ", long jumping from one board to another, ( often over small barrels or fearless teenagers ), or slalom.

Early focal-plane shutters designed from the 1930s onwards usually consisted of two curtains that travelled horizontally across the film gate: an opening shutter curtain followed by a closing shutter curtain.

Early forms of market socialism consisted of proposals for cooperative enterprises operating in a free-market economy, so that exploitation would be eliminated and individuals would receive the full product of their labor.

Early road trains consisted of traction engines pulling multiple wagons.

Early versions of CP / M ( and other microcomputer operating systems ) implemented a " flat " file system on each disk drive, where a complete file reference consisted of a drive letter, a colon, a filename ( up to eight characters ) and a filetype ( three characters ); for instance.

Early on in Korea, castration consisted of daubing a boy's genitals with human feces and having a pig bite them off.

Early in the first round Trinidad's strategy consisted of using his jab while Cherifi did not try to directly engage in the offensive.

Early Guaraní villages often consisted of communal houses for 10 to 15 families.

Early industry in Windham consisted of sawmills, gristmills, and blacksmith ’ s shops taking advantage of the water power from streams and rivers.

Of architectural note, rare gambrel roof structures still survive in Charlestown including the “ Red Lyon Tavern .” Early construction materials consisted of log, stone and brick.

Early systems, like the UK's Chain Home, consisted of large transmitters and separate receivers, and the signals from both were sent to an oscilloscope.

Early R & B consisted of large rhythm units " smashing away behind screaming blues singers ( who ) had to shout to be heard above the clanging and strumming of the various electrified instruments and the churning rhythm sections ".

In Early Modern Switzerland, Unterwalden counted as a single state in " foreign relations " with the other member states of the Swiss Confederacy, but it consisted of two separate states internally, with separate governments, jurisdictions and separate flags.

Early blood transfusions consisted of whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate.

Early in 1965, Wigs Wardrobe Midge was sold, and consisted of a Midge head with short molded hair and three wigs.

The new team consisted of Chen, former Biography and CBS This Morning host Harry Smith, former NBC Sports commentator Hannah Storm, Rene Syler ( a news anchor from KTVT, the CBS station in Dallas ), and weatherman Dave Price, who was pried away from New York Fox affiliate WNYW and also was at WCBS-TV for some time after joining The Early Show.

Early blackface songs often consisted of unrelated verses strung together by a common chorus.

Early spectrometry devices that measured the mass-to-charge ratio of ions were called mass spectrographs which consisted of instruments that recorded a spectrum of mass values on a photographic plate.

Early motors were either 9 volt or 4. 5 volt, and consisted of a large brick with a small protruding axle that would rotate when the motor was powered.

The program was simply known as the " Early Show " and primarily consisted of lively ( and sometimes confrontational ) discussion of contemporary issues in American politics, culture, and current events.

The earliest phase of construction dates to the Early Classic and consisted of a low platform that supported a perishable superstructure.